Infectious diseases continue to remain life-threatening and a significant public health problem globally. Patients with HIV frequently have concomitant HBV, HCV, and malaria infections; thus, this study was undertaken to describe the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and Malaria triple infection with HIV among patients presenting at the Federal Medical Centre, Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. In this study, 104 HIV-positive patients were recruited and evaluated for the presence of HBsAg, HCV and Plasmodium falciparum with HBsAg rapid strips, anti-HCV antibodies ELISA kit (Dia. Pro), and SD Bioline RDT, following the respective manufacturer's instructions. The triple infection rate was 1.0% for HIV/HBV/HCV/Plasmodium falciparum. Other co-infections were 1.9% for HIV/HCV/Plasmodium falciparum, 2.9% for HIV/HBV/Plasmodium falciparum and 1.9% for HIV/HBV/HCV, respectively. A higher HIV/HBV/HCV/Plasmodium falciparum triple infection occurred in the age group 21–40 years (2.0%), females (1.3%), being single (2.3%), tertiary education holders (2.4%), students (4.3%), CD4 counts > 500 cells/µl (4.0%) and viral load (VL) < 20 copies/ml (2.0%). Higher HIV/HBV/HCV triple infections occurred in the age group ≥ 41 years (2.2%), males (3.5%), being single (2.3%), tertiary education holders (4.8%) and students (4.3%), having CD4 count 350–499 Cells/µl (7.1%), viral load 20–999 copies/ml (2.1%) and being on TLD ART (1.9%). Higher HIV/HBV/MPF triple infections occurred in the age group 21–40 years (3.9%), males (3.5%), being married (3.6%), tertiary education holders (4.8%) and students (8.7%), having CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/µl (7.7%), viral load < 20 copies/ml (3.8%) and being on TLD ART (2.9%). Higher HIV/HCV/MPF triple infections occurred in the age group 21–40 years (3.9%), females (2.7%), being single (4.7%), tertiary education holders (4.8%) and students (8.7%), having CD4 count ≥ 500 cells/µl (4.0%), viral load < 20 copies/ml (2.0%) and being on TLD ART (1.9%). None of the sociodemographic and clinical variables was significantly associated (p > 0.05) with triple infections. The present study has further confirmed the low occurrence (1.0%) of HIV/HBV/Plasmodium falciparum among HIV-infected individuals in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Ages 21–40 years, females, being single, tertiary education holders and students were more prone to triple infections. The concurrency of HIV/HCV/HBV and Malaria exists in Yenagoa, Nigeria. Therefore, it is recommended to perform routine screening of HIV-infected patients for simultaneous infection with HBV, HCV and Malaria.

Helicobacter pylori is a widespread pathogen that significantly contributes to dyspeptic disease and gastric cancer. There are conflicting prevalence patterns of H. pylori in HIV-1-infected patients. Although the interaction between HIV and H. pylori infection is not well investigated, previous studies have suggested a decreased prevalence of H. pylori and the limited effectiveness of eradication treatment in HIV-positive individuals. Therefore, this study aimed to describe the serological prevalence of HIV/HSV, HIV/Syphilis, and HIV/H. pylori co-infection among HIV-infected individuals receiving care in a secondary healthcare facility in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. In the study, 100 HIV-infected individuals were screened for HSV, syphilis and H. pylori co-infections. Co-infections were 0.0% for HIV/HSV, 0.0% for HIV/Syphilis and 58.0% for HIV/Helicobacter pylori. Higher prevalence of HIV/H. pylori co-infection occurred among the age group <20-40 (59.5%), males (59.5%), unemployed (100.0%), Ahaoda, Eleme and Etche LGAs, and high CD4 counts of 200-349 and >350 cells/µl (58.3%) compared to other categories. This study confirmed the absence of HSV and syphilis among these participants. It further indicated that co-infection of HIV/H. pylori were high (58.0%), although the underlying mechanisms remained unknown. However, the H. pylori co-infection in HIV-infected individuals was associated (P>0.05) with CD4+ cell counts and any socio-demographic variables evaluated. However, more studies are needed on these patients in Rivers State, Nigeria, to evaluate the infection rate further.