recomendables y no recomendables para consumo cotidianoy su asociación con características sociodemográficas enpoblación mexicana. Material y métodos. Informacióntomada de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2018-19, utilizando un cuestionario de frecuencia de consumode alimentos. Se estimaron cuartiles de consumo de sietegrupos de alimentos por grupo poblacional. Se analizó laasociación del consumo con tipo de localidad, región y tercilesde condición de bienestar (ICB). Resultados. Pertenecera localidades urbanas, región norte e ICB medio y alto seasoció con mayor posibilidad de estar en los cuartiles másaltos de consumo de huevo y lácteos y carnes procesadas,mientras que la región sur se asoció con mayor consumo deleguminosas y bebidas endulzadas. Conclusión. En el surde México se consume más frutas, pero menos leguminosas,huevo y lácteos, mientras que en localidades urbanas seconsume más carnes procesadas, botanas, dulces y postres.

Background: Complementary feeding practices and corresponding parental feeding styles influence nutritional status in later stages of childhood. Findings on the association of these variables with infant growth remain inconsistent; in Mexico, a research gap exists in this area.Research Aims: (1) To characterize parental feeding styles and complementary feeding practices, and (2) to evaluate the association of parental feeding styles with complementary feeding practices and infant growth at 6 and 9 months of age.Methods: Data were collected from a prospective Mexican birth cohort. Parental feeding styles, complementary feeding practices, and anthropometric data from 263 to 234 mother-child pairs (infants of 6 and 9 months of age, respectively) were analyzed. Logistic and linear regression models were used to determine the associations between variables.Results: The predominant parental feeding style was the “responsive style” (90%). Only 43.7 and 8.1% of 6- and 9-month-old infants, had adequate complementary feeding practices, respectively. At 6 months, mothers who were responsive to satiety signals had 11% lesser possibilities (OR = 0.89, 95% CI [0.80, 0.98]) of their infant having inadequate complementary feeding practices than their counterparts and “pressuring to finish” and “pressuring to eat cereal” sub-constructs were associated with lower weight for length and body mass index Z-scores (p = 0.02).Conclusions: A high proportion of infants (>40%) did not meet international recommendations. The “pressuring” parental feeding style sub-constructs were associated with growth indicators in 6-month old infants. This emphasizes the importance of promoting parental responsiveness to infant appetite and satiety signals to achieving adequate complementary feeding practices.

The risk of anaemia in adolescence increases due to accelerated growth. This study aims to: (1) estimate the prevalence of anaemia in 2012 and 2018–2019 (Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutricion – ENSANUT [n = 5841 in 2012 and n = 2380 in 2018–2019]) in non‐pregnant, Mexican adolescent women aged 12–19 years, and the changes in prevalence over this period according to sociodemographic, health and nutrition characteristics; (2) estimate the associations between anaemia and sociodemographic, health and nutrition characteristics in each year and overall, in non‐pregnant Mexican adolescent women. Anaemia was defined as capillary haemoglobin <12 g/dL. The distribution of characteristics and their changes between 2012 and 2018–2019 were described. The covariate‐adjusted prevalence of anaemia in 2012 and 2018–2019 and the changes over that period were estimated from a multiple log‐binomial regression model and the factors associated with anaemia were assessed in each survey year and in both years combined. The prevalence of anaemia was 7.7% in 2012 and 13.1% in 2018–2019 (69% increase, Prevalence Ratio: PR = 1.69; 95%CI: 1.35, 2.13). The covariate‐adjusted prevalence of anaemia increased from 6.9% to 10.5% in the overall population (PR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.19, 1.96), and increased considerably in the age group 12–14 years (PR = 1.94, 95%CI: 1.36, 2.75), and in the northern region (PR = 3.68, 95%CI: 2.55, 5.32). Those receiving iron supplements or school breakfasts did not register a significant increase. A higher household wellbeing status and older age were associated with a lower prevalence of anaemia. Anaemia in non‐pregnant adolescent women continues to be a public health problem. To improve the development and health of adolescent women in Mexico and to pave the way to a healthy pregnancy for the next generation, the causes of anaemia should be identified.

Objectives To analyze the dietary patterns trend in adolescent population from 2006 to 2018 by geographic region of Mexico. Methods We analyzed information from four National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico (years: 2006, 2012, 2016, and 2018). Dietary information was collected using a validated seven-day, semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the consumption of different food groups: 1) Fruits and vegetables (g), 2) Red meat, 3) animal products, and 4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB), and ultra-processed foods (according to NOVA classification). We also estimated the Dietary Diversity score, which was constructed based on 10 food groups consumed: 1) grains, roots, and tubers; 2) pulses (beans, peas, and lentils), 3) nuts and seeds; 4) dairy; 5) meat, poultry and fish; 6) Eggs; 7) dark green leafy vegetables; 8) other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; 9) other vegetables; and 10) other fruits. Food groups were assigned to 1 if any food item within the group consumed, otherwise 0, if not eaten in one day of the last week. Food intake ≤ 15 g was not considered in this study. We estimated the percentage of consumers with ≥ 400 gr of fruits and vegetables/d, with ≥ 5 food groups (Minimum DDS, MDDS) and percentage of consumers of red meat. We estimated the contribution from SSB, ultra-processed food and animal products (energy percentage). Characteristics of sampled individuals such as sex, age were considered. The country was divided in three regions: 1) North, 2) Centre and Mexico City, and 3) South. We used linear and logistic regression models to continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We analyzed difference by geographic region. Results The percentage of population of MDDS was similar among regions. North region presented the lower fruits and vegetables consumption and the highest energy percentage from ultra-processed foods. There was an increase of animal products consumption in 2018 respecting to the other years in the three regions. The SSB contribution was similar in the three regions in each year. Conclusions Geographic region was associated with variations in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and ultra-processed foods in Mexican adolescents. These results can be used to the design of intervention to improve the quality of the diet, considering the dietary patter of each regions. Funding Sources N/A.

Objectives To analyze the dietary patterns trend in Mexican adolescent population from 2006 to 2018 by area of residence. Methods We analyzed information from four National Health and Nutrition Surveys in Mexico from 2006 to 2018. Dietary information was collected using a validated seven-day, semi-quantitative Food frequency questionnaire. We analyzed the consumption of different food groups: 1) Fruits and vegetables (g), 2) Red meat (consumption yes or not), 3) animal products (kcal), 4) sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) (kcal), and ultra-processed foods (kcal), according to NOVA classification. We estimated the Dietary Diversity Score (DDS), which was constructed based on 10 food groups consumed: 1) grains, roots, and tubers; 2) pulses; 3) nuts and seeds; 4) dairy; 5) meat, poultry and fish; 6) eggs; 7) dark green leafy vegetables; 8) other vitamin A-rich fruits and vegetables; 9) other vegetables; 10) other fruits. Food groups were assigned to 1 if any food item within the group was consumed, otherwise 0. We estimated the proportion of population with consumption of ≥ 400 g of fruits and vegetables/d, with ≥ 5 food groups (Minimum DDS) and percentage of consumers of red meat, and the contribution to the total energy of SSB, ultra-processed food and animal products (energy percentage). Demographic and socio-economic characteristics of sampled individuals such as sex, age, area and socio-economic status (SES) were obtained. The country was divided into urban and rural areas (≥2500 or &lt; 2500 inhabitants, respectively). We used linear and logistic regression models to continuous and categorical variables, respectively. We analyzed difference by area. Results The percentage of population of Minimum DDS was lower in rural when compared with urban area by every year of survey (P &lt; 0.05). The contribution of energy percentage from ultra-processed foods and animal products was lower in rural area than urban area (P &lt; 0.05). The SSB contribution was similar in both areas. Conclusions Current findings show that the area of residence was associated with variations in the consumption of fruits, vegetables and red meat in Mexican adolescents. Consequently, interventions should focus on increasing healthy eating habits in this population, taking into account when designing preventive strategies the area of residence. Funding Sources Mexican Ministry of Health.