Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) was introduced to Mexico in 1959. Currently there is an estimated planted area of 835.96 ha and a production of 8,730.27 tons. The fruit is mainly consumed fresh, but quickly loses its external appearance due to dehydration and browning, which limits its commercialization, an alternative may be minimal processing and adjuvant treatments that extend the shelf life. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of coating with cactus mucilage (Opuntia ficus-indica), in the preservation of minimally processed rambutan stored at 5 °C, in two types of packaging. The rambutan was sanitized with chlorinated water (80 ppm), the epicarp was removed and batches were formed for each treatment. The factors were type of container (polyethylene bag and polystyrene container), coating (with and without coating) and time (0, 3, 6, 6, 10 and 12 d). The coating consisted of mucilage obtained from developing cladodes (15–21 cm), applied by dipping. All treatments were stored at 5 ℃. Total soluble solids (TSS), firmness (N) and color (L*, a*, b*, chroma and hue angle) were evaluated at each storage period. Also, 40 untrained judges (47% male and 53% female) evaluated sensory acceptability, consumption intention and acceptance/rejection. The results showed significant effect (p ≤ 0.05) of package type on firmness, chroma and hue angle. Coating had an effect on L* value and product acceptability. Consumption intention was higher, and was maintained for 10 days, in fruits with coating and packaged in polyethylene bags, stored at 5 ℃.

The cacao agrosystems are very suitable for reforesting completely cleared areas and can become biological corridors between segments of the forest, allowing the repopulation of birds, mammals, reptiles, and amphibians, among others. Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the most important tropical crops both nationally and internationally. However, by appropriate management of cacao crops and the inclusion of aggregate values in forest, fruit, vegetables, and ornamental production, as organic cultivation, specific varieties of plants could generate significant income for small producers in the Southeast from Mexico. This cacao agrosystem is involved in erosion, soil fertility, plant nutrition, water quantity and quality, carbon sequestration, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, and soil biodiversity.

<p><strong>Background:</strong><em> Xylella fastidiosa</em> is a bacterium considered native to the American continent, which affects the vascular ducts of the xylem, causing diseases with an economically important cost in plantations. This species is distributed in Asia, America and Europe. The bacteria can be transmitted with the help of vector insects. <strong>Objective.</strong> The objective of this work was to carry out an analysis of the main theoretical and practical aspects of the <em>X. fastidiosa</em> species and its impact on agriculture. <strong>Methodology</strong>. The method used was a review of the literature and information available on the bacterium <em>Xylella fastidiosa</em> and its subspecies internationally and nationally. <strong>Main findings</strong>. The first known syndrome caused by this bacterium was described in 1892 by Newton Barris Pierce, when a strange pathology devastated thousands of hectares of vine in Los Angeles. In Mexico, Pierce's disease was detected in 1980 in vineyards in Baja California Norte and in 1995 in vineyards in Valle de Guadalupe, in the municipality of Ensenada, Baja California. <em>X. fastidiosa</em> entered the genomic era when in the year 2000 the first genome of a bacterium associated with plants, the 9a5c strain of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis, was sequenced. Since the first half of the 1990s, specific PCR primers have been used to identify <em>X. fastidiosa</em> from infected plants. <strong>Implications.</strong> Six subspecies of <em>Xylella fastidiosa</em> are currently considered: <em>fastidiosa</em>, <em>multiplex</em>, <em>sandyi</em>, <em>tashke</em>, <em>pauca</em> and <em>morus</em>; f<em>astidiosa</em> and <em>pauca</em> specifically affect citrus fruits and the related insect vectors are: <em>Bucephalagonia xanthohis</em>, <em>Diloboterus</em> <em>costalimaik</em>, <em>Acrogonia</em> <em>citrina</em>, <em>Oncometopia</em> <em>facialis</em>, <em>Ferrariana</em> <em>trivittata</em>, <em>Plesiommata</em> <em>corniculata</em>, <em>Homalodisca ignorata</em>, <em>Parathona virescens</em>, <em>Sonesimia groscens</em> and <em>Acrogonia virescens</em>. Once the insect contains the bacteria, at least 200 viable bacteria are enough to infect the target plant. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Currently there are still no solutions or established techniques to fully protect plantations, it is important to strengthen surveillance to limit the spread. DNA-based molecular biology is a valuable tool for the detection and characterization of <em>X. fastidiosa</em>.</p>

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