Waste minimization is an effort to reduce the volume, concentration, toxicity, and hazard level of waste originating from the production process by reducing its source and / or utilizing waste. Shredded fish is a processed product in the form of fine and dry fish meat fiber where the manufacturing process is a combination of boiling and frying by adding spices. The amount of industrial production of tuna shredded typical of Pontianak every Saturday and Sunday can reach 5-10 kg (depending on the order) with attractive packaging which is sold for IDR 50,000 per 200 grams. In processing tuna shredded it produces waste such as head, bones, tail, skin , and entrails. The minimization of waste that is carried out is the waste of fish bones produced by shredded fish which is used to become flour which contains lots of calcium. Keywords: Clean Technology, Fish Bone Flour, Shredded Fish Waste , Tongkol Fish, and Waste Minimization Abstrak Minimisasi limbah adalah upaya untuk mengurangi volume, konsentrasi, toksisitas, dan tingkat bahaya limbah yang berasal dari proses produksi, dengan jalan reduksi pada sumbemya dan atau pemanfaatan limbah. Abon ikan adalah hasil olahan berupa serat daging ikan yang halus dan kering dimana proses pembuatannya merupakan kombinasi antara perebusan dan penggorengan dengan melakukan penambahan bumbu. Jumlah produksi Industri Abon ikan tongkol khas Pontianak setiap hari sabtu dan minggu bisa mencapai  5-10  kg (tergantung pesanan) dengan kemasan menarik yang dijual Rp50 ribu per 200 gram.Dalam Pengolahan abon ikan tongkol tersebut menghasilkan limbah seperti kepala,tulang,ekor, kulit, dan isi perut. Minimisasi limbah yang dilakukan adalah Limbah tulang ikan hasil produksi abon dimanfaatkan menjadi tepung yang banyak mengandung kalsium. Kata Kunci : Ikan Tongkol , Limbah Abon Ikan, Minimasi Limbah, Teknologi Bersih dan Tepung Tulang Ikan

Seawater as abundant source for clean water is deemed as impossible task, particularly in developing country. Therefore, the feasibility of applying the reverse osmosis technology, particularly in the coastal area for drinking water is need further investigation. This paper aims to design and analyze the performance of small-scale desalination plant using combination of multi tray aerator, media filter, and multiple membranes consisting of ultrafiltration, brackish, and seawater membranes.Parameters used to verify the performance of small plant are salinity and total dissolved solid for membranes, while the parameters for examining the pre-treatment are Fe and Mn. The test results will be evaluated under the regulation of minister of health, Permenkes No. 32/2017. The influence of the pump pressure on the flow will also be analyzed.The result shows that the desalination plant can reduce the salinity concentration significantly from 10,200 ppm to 16 ppm, or 99.84%. The ratio of clean water to rejected water is 36%.  However, bacteria of E. Coli are still found in clean water, which is probably caused by biofouling.

Seawater as abundant source for clean water is deemed as impossible task, particularly in developing country. Therefore, the feasibility of applying the reverse osmosis technology, particularly in the coastal area for drinking water is need further investigation. This paper aims to design and analyze the performance of small-scale desalination plant using combination of multi tray aerator, media filter, and multiple membranes consisting of ultrafiltration, brackish, and seawater membranes.Parameters used to verify the performance of small plant are salinity and total dissolved solid for membranes, while the parameters for examining the pre-treatment are Fe and Mn. The test results will be evaluated under the regulation of minister of health, Permenkes No. 32/2017. The influence of the pump pressure on the flow will also be analyzed.The result shows that the desalination plant can reduce the salinity concentration significantly from 10,200 ppm to 16 ppm, or 99.84%. The ratio of clean water to rejected water is 36%.  However, bacteria of E. Coli are still found in clean water, which is probably caused by biofouling.