Aims: Non specific Low back pain is defined as pain without any known pathology which affects almost all the leading occupation where body's awkward posture, twisting and stress forces are commonly encountered across the globe and it is highly prevalent 60% to 70% in a year. Studies have shown various exercise regimen individual effect on the same but superiority of regimen out of these is not clear. Study Design: Comparative Study Place and Duration of Study: Ahmedabad Institute of Medical Sciences, Duration 2013-15 Objective: To assess and compare the effect of core stability exercise, back school program and Swiss ball exercise on Pain, core endurance and Functional disability. Methodology: A group of 24 patients having non-specific low back pain between age groups 18-40 were randomly selected and allocated in to two groups. Group A(n=12) received traditional exercise whereas Swiss ball exercise was given to Group B(n=12). The subjects were treated for two weeks. Baseline data for VAS, Core endurance and MODI were taken on day1 and at the end of two weeks Result: The results were analyzed by wilcoxon signed rank test within both groups. Both groups showed significant improvement in VAS, core endurance and MODI at the end of 2weeks.Comparison between both the Group A and Group B was done by Mann- whitney U test and statistically no significant difference was seen in VAS, core endurance and MODI between the groups Conclusion: The study concluded that both the exercises are equally effective in reducing pain intensity, improves core endurance and functional status in subjects with non specific low back pain

Background: Forward head posture (FHP) described as excessive anterior positioning of the head in relation to a vertical reference line, involving increased cervical spine lordosis (upper cervical spine extended, lower cervical spine flexed) and rounded shoulders with thoracic kyphosis in later stages. Prevalence of forward head posture is high amongst children and adolescents due to excessive use of mobile phones and laptops. But very less studies have been done in India amongst physiotherapy students though their work routine is in prolonged standing position with neck flexed. So, aim of the study is to study the prevalence of FHP amongst population and further progression of this postural abnormality can be prevented. Materials and methodology: 60 participants were recruited according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Craniovertebral angle were evaluated through photogrammetry method, through Surgimap. Results: In this study 60 students were evaluated, consisting of 40 females and 20 males. From 20 males, 12 males were identified as having FHP (60%), and the 40 females evaluated from that 30 females were identified as having forward FHP (75%). In this study the prevalence of total physiotherapy students identified having FHP is 42 out of 60, that is 70%. Conclusion: Present study shows that prevalence of FHP amongst physiotherapy population is 70%. Key words: forward head posture, Craniovertebral angle, Surgimap, physiotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Lateral epicondylitis is one of the common diseases of the elbow joint. Lateral epicondylitis primarily affects the muscles and soft tissues around the elbow joint. Research has found that the extensor muscles, particularly the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), are involved in vigorous and repetitive movements of the wrist. Various treatments have been identified, from conservative treatment to surgical treatment, cryotherapy to ergonomic advice, but the results are still inconclusive. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to compare the effectiveness of cyriax mill’s manipulation and deep transverse friction versus the myofascial release technique on pain, grip strength, and functional disability in subjects with lateral epicondylitis. METHOD: 30 patients with lateral epicondylitis between the age of 30 to 45 years were included in the study according to the inclusion criteria, individuals are divided into 2 groups. Group A which was Cyriax physiotherapy and conventional physiotherapy and Group B which was MFR and conventional physiotherapy. The treatment is given for 4 weeks 3 times a week. OUT COMES: NPRS (for pain), HHD (for grip strength), PRTEE (for functional disability) RESULT: After treatment for 4 weeks and 3 times a week, there was a significant improvement in pain, grip strength and functional disability in both groups. But more improvement in group B, which is MFR and conventional treatment. CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that after 12 treatment sessions, both the cyriax technique and the myofascial release technique were effective in the treatment of lateral epicondylitis, but the MFR technique was found to be more effective than cyriax physiotherapy in reducing pain and improving grip strength and function in patients with lateral epicondylitis. Key words: Cyriax, MFR technique, Deep transverse friction massage, Tennis elbow, NPRS, Grip strength, PRTEE

Introduction: Thoracotomy is a surgical procedure to gain access into the pleural space of the chest. It includes: Median sternotomy, Posterolateral thoracotomy & Anterolateral thoracotomy. The risk of post-operative pulmonary complications is relatively high following thoracic surgery; rates have been recorded at between 19% and 59%. Deep breathing exercises induce sustained increase in trans-pulmonary pressure, which increases lung volume, improves ventilation, oxygenation, prevents basal atelectasis, re-inflates collapsed lung regions, and reverses minimal postoperative atelectasis. Respiratory Muscle Training especially has been shown to improve respiratory muscle function and helps to reduce dyspnoea on exertion. Improvements in strength, speed, power and endurance leads to improvement in the performance of MIP & MEP, which in turn leads to increase in strength and endurance of the diaphragm and accessory muscles during respiration. Aim And Objective: To study the immediate effect of respiratory muscle training on peak expiratory flow rate in post thoracotomy individuals. Method: Participants were divided into two groups by random allocation. The intervention group received RMT of 2*30 repetition with standard breathing exercises whereas the control group were given only standard breathing exercises. Immediate post-test outcomes were measured on peak flow meter and Rate Perceived Exertion (RPE) as well. Result: Analysis was done in SPSS 20 Mean Age (61.93±11)). Data was not normally distributed, so non parametric test was used. According to the data there was significant statistical improvement of PEFR in thoracotomy individuals. (P≤0.002). Conclusion: There is significant statistical difference of PEFR after Respiratory Muscle Training in post thoracotomy individuals. Key words: Peak expiratory flow rate, Respiratory muscle training, Thoracotomy.

Background: In year of 2020, The Covid 19 epidemic caused by SARS Cov 2 disturbed normal ways of living globally. Epidemic affects emotional, physical and economical issues among the various populations. Physiotherapist as a professional, it is impacting professionally and personally. Due to job instability and job viability especially for private practitioners which affecting psychological status. Essential role of physiotherapist during this Covid 19 epidemic. So this study is to Find out the Prevalence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Clinical Physiotherapist during Covid 19 Pandemic. Aims and Objectives: To find out the Prevalence of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Clinical Physiotherapist during Covid 19 Pandemic. Methodology: The cross sectional study was carried out among 130 physiotherapists. In which 107 female and 23 male who had willingness to participate in the study according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. Written consent was taken by individuals. Outcome measure was DASS-21 Questionnaire and result was prepared. Result: Mean age of participants was 28.38 with involvement of 82% female and 18% male. This study showed that prevalence of Depression is 7% mild, 9% moderate, 2% Severe, Prevalence of anxiety is 4% mild, 16% moderate, 5% Severe and Prevalence of Stress is 12% mild. Study showed that epidemic affects Depression, Anxiety and Stress among clinical physiotherapist. Conclusion: Study concluded that pandemic has affected mild to moderate level of Depression & Anxiety and mild level of Stress among clinical Physiotherapist. Key words: Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Physiotherapist, Covid-19.