The successful production of marketable lettuce heads with full exploitation of the genetic potential of a particular cultivar depends on the availability of seedlings of the highest quality. The aims of the present study were (i) to evaluate the effects of substrates containing different proportions of spent mushroom compost on the growth of lettuce seedlings, and (ii) to determine the enduring effects of substrates containing spent mushroom substrate on the vigor of mature lettuce plants derived from such seedlings. The substrates employed in the germination and development of lettuce seedlings were obtained by mixing spent compost from the cultivation of Agaricus subrufescens and commercial vegetable substrate in different proportions. Seedlings were evaluated with respect to the number of leaves and the height, fresh mass and dry mass of the aerial parts, while mature plants were appraised according to stem height and circumference, fresh mass and dry mass of the lettuce head. Substrate containing between 42 to 48% spent mushroom substrate provided the most adequate conditions for the growth and development of crisphead lettuce seedlings and, consequently, of vigorous marketable plants. Under such conditions, the fresh mass of the aerial parts of seedlings attained a level of 0.89 g plant -1 , while the fresh mass of the marketable heads achieved a maximum of 233.45 g plant -1 . The data presented herein verify that top quality lettuce seedlings yield high quality marketable heads, and that quality improvement can be brought about by the addition of spent mushroom substrate.
RESUMOObjetivou-se determinar a produção de biomassa e o teor de macronutrientes do milheto (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf), feijão-de-porco (Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC.) e guandu-anão (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) em cultivo solteiro e nos consórcios da gramínea com as leguminosas, visando a produção de palha no sistema plantio direto. O trabalho foi conduzido no campo experimental do Departamento de Agricultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras (Lavras, MG, Brasil). O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos e quatro repetições. Apenas o guandu-anão solteiro apresentou menor produção de fitomassa fresca e seca, sendo que os demais tratamentos não diferiram entre si, pelo teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. De forma geral, as leguminosas apresentaram maiores teores de N e Ca e o milheto maiores teores de S. Apenas o feijão-de-porco solteiro apresentou menor teor de P. Os maiores teores de K foram apresentados pelo milheto solteiro e consorciado com as leguminosas e pelo feijão-de-porco em consórcio com milheto. Os menores teores de Mg foram verificados para o guandu-anão.Termos para indexação: plantio direto, adubação verde, reciclagem de nutrientes. ABSTRACTThe object of this work was to evaluate the biomass production and the macronutrients quantity of millet (Pennisetum typhoides (Burm.) Stapf), jack bean (Canavalia ensiformes (L.) DC.), guandu (Cajanus cajan, (L.) Millsp.) dwarf cultivar, and the millet with leguminous consortiums to straw production in no-tillage system. The experiment was carried in experimental area at Agriculture Department of the Federal University of Lavras (Lavras, Minas Gerais state, Brazil). The experimental design was randomized blocks, with five treatments and four replications. For biomass production, only the guandu presented smaller fresh and dry biomass yield than the other treatments. In general, the leguminous presented the greatest N and Ca quantities and millet the greatest quantities of S. Only jack bean presented minor P quantity. For K the greatest quantities were verified for single milett and its incropping with leguminous and jack bean in intercroppin with millet. The minor quantities of Mg were observed for guandu.Index terms: no-tillage, green manuring, nutrients recycle. INTRODUÇÃOCom a expansão do plantio direto, a experiência dos produtores e as pesquisas realizadas, constatou-se que a rotação/sucessão de culturas era fundamental para a viabilidade do sistema, devendo ser baseada, entre outros fatores na utilização do solo, tanto química quanto fisicamente, devido às diferenças de exigência nutricional e exploração pelo sistema radicular das diferentes espécies; e no potencial de produção de palha das culturas, sejam elas comerciais, aproveitando os restos culturais, ou semeadas exclusivamente para este fim. Na Região Sul, o inverno chuvoso permite a implantação de cultivos de inverno para a produção exclusiva de palha ou a produção de grãos, com alta quantidade de restos culturais como o trigo, centeio, cevada e aveia. Além des...
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