-The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the effects of adding cassava scrapings on gas and effluent losses, dry matter recovery, pH, contents of N-NH 3 , organic acids and volatile fatty acids and the bromatological composition of elephant grass silages. It was used a randomized complete design, with four levels of cassava scrapings (0, 7, 15 or 30% natural matter) each one with four replications per level. The grass was cut at 50 days of regrowth and ensiled in 15-L silos, equipped with a Bunsen valve to allow gas outflow. The gas losses decreased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings, whereas effluent losses decreased linearly. Dry matter recovery increased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings. Dry matter (DM) concentration increased but crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and hemicellulose (HEM) decreased linearly with the addition of cassava scrapings.The pH value and lactic acid concentration increased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings. Contents of N-NH 3 and butyric acid decreased quadratically with the addition of cassava scrapings, whereas acetic acid content decreased linearly. Addition of cassava scrapings reduced gas and effluent losses and improved the fermentation profile of elephant grass silages and the level of 7% already ensures this improvement.Key Words: crude protein, dry matter, effluent, fermentation, gas Avaliação da silagem de capim-elefante com adição de raspa de mandioca RESUMO -Objetivou-se com este experimento avaliar os efeitos da adição de raspa de mandioca na ensilagem sobre as perdas por gases e efluentes, a recuperação da matéria seca, o pH, os teores de N-NH 3 , ácidos orgânicos e ácidos graxos voláteis e a composição bromatológica de silagens de capim-elefante. Utilizou-se um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com quatro níveis de raspa de mandioca (0, 7, 15 ou 30% da matéria natural), cada um com quatro repetições. O capim foi cortado aos 50 dias de rebrota e ensilado em silos de 15 litros de capacidade, com válvula de bunsen para escape dos gases.A adição de raspa de mandioca ocasionou redução quadrática nas perdas por gases e redução linear nas perdas por efluente.A recuperação de matéria seca aumentou de forma quadrática com a adição de raspa de mandioca. O teor de matéria seca aumentou, enquanto os de proteína bruta, fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e hemicelulose diminuíram linearmente com a adição de raspa de mandioca. O valor de pH e o teor de ácido lático aumentaram de forma quadrática com a adição de raspa de mandioca. Os teores de N-NH 3 e de ácido butírico diminuíram de forma quadrática com a adição de raspa de mandioca, enquanto o teor de ácido acético diminuiu linearmente. A inclusão de raspa de mandioca na ensilagem reduz as perdas por gases e efluentes e melhora o perfil fermentativo de silagens de capim-elefante e o nível de 7% da matéria natural é suficiente para assegurar essa melhora.Palavras-chave: efluente, fermentaç...

RESUMO -Objetivou-se, com este trabalho, avaliar as relações entre medidas lineares de eqüinos em crescimento, do nascimento aos doze meses, e de animais adultos da raça Mangalarga Marchador. As medidas utilizadas foram peso corporal e medidas de altura, de comprimento, de largura e de perímetro dos animais. Morphometric Evaluation of Mangalarga Marchador Horse: Conformation Index and Body ProportionsABSTRACT -This work aims to evaluate the relationships between body measures of foals from birth to twelve months of age and mature animals of Mangalarga Marchador breed. Measures were body weight and measures of height, length, width, girth of animals. Corporal Index (CI), Meloscopic Index (MI), Dactilo-thoracic Index (DTI) and Weigth in Cannon Index (WCI) were used to evaluate the relationship between measures. The Eclectic System of Linear Proportions was used to evaluation the proportions between linear measures and head length. Colts and fillies were classified as small shape at birth, because the CI were 81.36 and 82.33, respectively. Colts and fillies with four months of age, already presented CI higher than 85.0, and were classified as medium shape. Stallions and mares were classified as medium shape, with CI of 87.17 and 85.18, respectively. Considering the MI, colts and fillies were classified as large shape at birth, changing to medium shape with increase of age and stallions and mares were classified as medium shape. The DTI classified the colts and fillies as hipermetric animals because presented values above 10.8. The WCI ranged from 26.18 to 6.60 for fillies and from 25.93 to 7.04 for colts, while for stallions and mares were 4.16 and 4.96, respectively. Linear measures with greater rates of growth than the head length presented increase of the proportions from birth to adult age, while the measures of smaller rates of growth than the head length presented reverse behavior.

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RESUMO -Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho avaliar o crescimento de potros da raça Mangalarga Marchador por meio de suas medidas lineares. Foram mensurados 98 potros, sendo 55 machos e 43 fêmeas, ao nascimento e a cada 30 dias até completarem 12 meses de idade. Os pais e as mães dos potros foram mensurados para obtenção dos valores médios das medidas lineares estudadas nos animais adultos. Os valores das medidas corporais dos animais foram submetidos à análise de variância e o modelo estatístico incluiu os efeitos de sexo, local, manejo nutricional, rebanho, mês e ano de nascimento. As características de conformação estudadas não foram influenciadas pelos efeitos de sexo, rebanho, região, manejo nutricional, mês e ano de nascimento. A medida de altura na cernelha apresentou reduzida variação, passando de 61,6% da média à idade adulta, ao nascimento, para 88% da média à idade adulta, aos 12 meses, nos machos, e de 63,2% da média à idade adulta, ao nascimento, para 90% da média à idade adulta, aos 12 meses, nas fêmeas. De forma similar, a altura na garupa passou de 63,3% da média à idade adulta, ao nascimento, para 89% da média à idade adulta, aos 12 meses, nos machos e de 64,1% da média à idade adulta, ao nascimento, para 91,1% da média à idade adulta, aos 12 meses, nas fêmeas. O comprimento do corpo dos potros apresentou valores de 68,1; 112,6 e 127,1 cm nos machos e de 68; 111,6 e 128,3 cm nas fêmeas, ao nascimento, 6 e 12 meses, respectivamente. Em relação à idade adulta, os valores observados para comprimento do corpo foram 43,3; 71,6 e 86,6%, nos machos, e 45,5; 74,7 e 85,8%, nas fêmeas, ao nascimento, 6 e 12 meses de idade, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: crescimento, mensuração, potros Morphometric Evaluation of Mangalarga Marchador Horses: Linear MeasuresABSTRACT -The present work aimed to evaluate foals growth of the Mangalarga Marchador breed, by linear measures. Ninetyeight foals, 55 males and 43 females were measured at birth and at each 30 days up to 12 months age. Results of body measures were submitted to analysis of variance and statistical model includes effects of sex, local, nutritional management, herd, month and year of birth. Conformation characteristics studied were not influenced by the effects of sex, herd, nutritional management, month and year of birth. In relation to height in the withers and in the hip measures, it was observed small variation, from 61.6 and 63.3% of mature age, at birth, from 88 to 89% of mature age, at 12 th month of age, for males and from 63.2 and 64.1% of mature age, at birth, from 90.0 to 91.1% of mature age, at 12 th month of age, for females. Values of body length of foals were of 68.1, 112.6 and 127.1 cm for males and 68.0, 111.6 and 128.3 cm, for females, at birth, 6 th month and 12 th month of age, respectively. In relation to mature age, the observed values of body length were 43.3, 71.6 and 86.6%, for males and 45.5, 74.7 and 85.8%, for females, at birth, 6 th month and 12 th month of age, respectively.

The objectives of this study were to characterize and quantify the microbial populations in guinea grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cultivar Mombasa) harvested at different regrowth intervals (35, 45, 55, and 65 d). The chemical composition and fermentation profile of silages (after 60 d) with or without the addition of a microbial inoculant were also analyzed. Before ensiling, samples of the plants were used for the isolation and identification of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the epiphytic microbiota. A 4 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 regrowth intervals × with/without inoculant) was used in a completely randomized design with 3 replications. Based on the morphological and biochemical characteristics and the carbohydrate fermentation profile, Lactobacillus plantarum was found to be the predominant specie of LAB in guinea grass forage. Linear increases were detected in the dry matter (DM) content and concentrations of neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, acid detergent insoluble nitrogen, and DM recovery as well as linear reductions in the concentrations of crude protein and NH3-N with regrowth interval. Additionally, linear reductions for gas and effluent losses in silages were detected with increasing regrowth interval. These results demonstrate that guinea grass plants harvested after 55 d of regrowth contain a LAB population sufficiently large to ensure good fermentation and increase the DM recovery. The use of microbial inoculant further enhanced the fermentation of guinea grass at all stages of regrowth by improving the DM recovery.