The utilization of iron‐based species (mainly metallic iron, hematite and magnetite) encapsulated into multi‐walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as reactants in an electrochemical synthesis is reported for the first time in this work. Prussian blue (PB) is electrosynthesized in a heterogeneous reaction between ferricyanide ions in aqueous solution and the iron‐species encapsulated into CNTs, resulting in novel CNT/PB paste electrodes. This innovative preparation route produces an intimate contact between the PB and the CNTs, which improves the stability and redox properties of PB. The PB formation and the chemical interaction between the PB and the CNTs are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy. The electrode is employed as a hydrogen peroxide amperometric sensor, resulting in a very low limit of detection (1.94 × 10−8 mol L−1) and very high sensitivity (15.3 A cm−2 M−1).

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Thin films of either unpurified single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) or iron-filled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) were deposited through the liquid-liquid interfacial route over plastic substrates, yielding transparent, flexible and ITO-free electrodes. The iron species presented in both electrodes (inside of the MWCNT cavities or outside of the SWCNT bundles, related to the catalyst remaining of the growth process) were employed as reactant to the electrosynthesis of Prussian blue (PB), yielding carbon nanotubes/Prussian blue nanocomposite thin films, which were characterized by Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge measurements. The nanocomposite films were employed as cathodes for flexible, transparent and ITO-free potassium batteries, showing reversible charge/discharge behavior and specific capacitance of 8.3mAhcm(-3) and 2.7mAhcm(-3) for SWCNT/PB and MWCNT/PB, respectively.

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In this review, electrocatalysts for HER/OER/ORR and energy storage electrode materials based on MnCo2O4 were reviewed considering their key multifunctional role in the way to a more sustainable society.