This text presents the key concepts of the TRANSGANG project in the form of answers to seven research questions: what, when, who, why, where, how and what for. We start by defining the conceptual triangle configured by the title: Transnational Gangs as agents of Mediation (What). The central chapters give the historical context: Neoliberal States (When); the central study subjects: Gangs (Who); the proactive approach: Mediation (Why); the border spaces to be researched in the three regions: the Americas, North Africa and Southern Europe (Where); and the methodological perspective adopted (How). The final concluding chapter explores the expected impact of the research, from resistance to resilience through empowerment (What For). The text includes a complete list of related literature ordered by topics and regions, and a specific Glossary.
Resumen (analítico)Este artículo pone de manifiesto la existencia de un elemento transversal en la relación de la juventud con la esfera pública, que contribuye a comprender mejor la naturaleza de sus expresiones políticas: la asimilación de una cierta posición periférica impuesta dentro del espacio social. La idea de espacio social, y en particular la de periferia, contribuyen a dar coherencia a determinados fenómenos y tendencias de la movilización sociopolítica de la juventud en su conjunto. Para ello, se analizan tres movimientos juveniles surgidos en Barcelona durante el año 2019, en los que la juventud tuvo especial protagonismo. Las diferencias y similitudes entre los tres movimientos muestran la versatilidad de la noción de periferia, que sirve para visualizar la precariedad vital que identifica a toda una generación, más allá de sus diferencias.
Palabras clave: Juventud, generación, movimientos juveniles, participación, Espacio social, periferia, precariedad, Barcelona, Fridays for Future, Movimiento independentista, ExMenas.
This text presents the key concepts of the TRANSGANG project in the form of answers to seven research questions: what, when, who, why, where, how and what for. We start by defining the conceptual triangle configured by the title: Transnational Gangs as agents of Mediation (What). The central chapters give the historical context: Neoliberal States (When); the central study subjects: Gangs (Who); the proactive approach: Mediation (Why); the border spaces to be researched in the three regions: the Americas, North Africa and Southern Europe (Where); and the methodological perspective adopted (How). The final concluding chapter explores the expected impact of the research, from resistance to resilience through empowerment (What For). The text includes a complete list of related literature ordered by topics and regions, and a specific Glossary.
Las llamadas “bandas” o “pandillas” aparecen como objeto protagonista de políticas públicas inclu- sivas o segregadoras en distintas ciudades del contexto iberoamericano: experiencias de mediación e integración social versus construcción de alarma mediática y punitivismo policial y penal. El presente artículo se propone analizar la situación de este fenómeno, por medio de la exploración de los posibles efectos de la constitución de asociaciones e intentos de tregua con las agrupaciones juveniles de calle. A partir de una comparación entre las experiencias vividas en España, El Salvador y Ecuador en las dos primeras décadas del siglo xxi, extraeremos aspectos positivos y deficientes de dichos procesos, al señalar los beneficios, limitaciones y peligros tanto de la estrategia criminalizadora/punitivista como de la estrategia de mediación/pacificación con jóvenes subalternos urbanos en estas regiones.
This paper is based on an ethnographic study of the arrests and the subsequent trial and sentencing of a group of Latin Kings and Queens from Barcelona between 2015 and 2020. We analyze the actions carried out by the police, judicial institutions and media to reestablish the “hard handed” discourse in relation to these youth street groups in a time of crisis and precariousness. The concept of a “space of youth street groups” is used to construct a tool for mapping the agents who interact with these groups and the position they occupy in the social space. The interactions between these agents in Barcelona configure a new form of security governance through the creation of subjective insecurity and the promotion of punitive policies against youth street groups.
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