Esmolol is effective, in a dose-dependent manner, in the attenuation of the adrenergic response to LTI. To minimise its adverse effects it should be administered, when considered clinically appropriate, as a continuous infusion regimen.

I~L,~O~: To compare the incidence of dysphagia, dysphonia and sore throat following anesthesia, using the laryngeal mask airway (LMA), among patients receiving intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) and those breathing spontaneously (SV) and with two different concentrations of nitrous oxide (N20) in oxygen. Methods: In a prospective trial, 120 patients (ASA I-III, 16-70 yr, > 60 kg) undergoing minor peripheral surgery were randomised into four groups with respect to type of ventilation and N20 concentration (50% or 66%) received. Cuff pressure measurements were monitored continuously. Twenty-four hours after surgery, patients were questioned for sore throat, dysphagia and dysphonia. Results: At 30 min post-LMA insertion, increases in cuff pressure were 35.2 + 17. I mmHg (22.8%) vs 50. I _ 16.3 mmHg (32.7%) in patients breathing 50 and 66% N20, respectively (P < 0.0 I). There were no differences in cuff pressure increment between patients in the SV and IPPV groups. Cuff pressure values at the end of surgery depended on the duration of surgery and on the concentrations of N20. The overall incidence of postoperative discomfort at 24 hr was dysphagia I 1%, dysphonia I 1% and sore throat 28.8%. Only two patients reported sore throat as more than mild. There was no relationship between cuff pressure and laryngo-pharyngeal complaints. The incidence of dysphonia in the groups receiving IPPV was higher than that in the groups with spontaneous ventilation (17.2 vs 5%, P < 0.05). C_,ondt~ion: Post-operative discomfort is related to the type of ventilation but not to variation in LMA cuff pressure.Objectif : Comparer, ~ la suite d'une anesth~sie r~alis~e avec un masque laryng~ (ML), I'incidence de dysphagie, de dysphonie et de mal de gorge chez des patients sous ventilation ~ pression positive intermittente (VPPI) ou sous ventilation spontan& (VS) qui ont re~u deux concentrations diff&entes d'un m~lange de protoxyde d'azote (N20) et d'oxyg~ne. M&hode : Lors d'un essai prospectif, 120 patients (ASA I-III, 16-70 ans, > 60 kg), admis pour une chirurgie p&iph&ique mineure, ont ~t~ r~partis en quatre groupes selon le type de ventilation et la concentration de N20 (50 % ou 66 %) rectus. La pression, au tensiom~tre, ~tait enregistr& continament. Vingt-quatre heures apr& la chirurgie, les patients ont r~pondu ~ un questionnaire sur le mal de gorge, la dysphagie et la dysphonie. REsultats : A 30 min apr& rinsertion du ML, raugmentation de pression 6tait de 35,2 _+ 17, I mmHg (22,8 %) vs 50, I + 16,3 mmHg (32,7 %) pour des inhalations de N20 ~ des concentrations de 50 et 66 % respectivement (P < 0,01 ), sans diff&ence d'augmentation entre les patients des groupes VS et VPPI. A, la fin de la chirurgie, la pression &ait fonction de la dur& de rintervention et de la concentration de N20. I'incidence globale d'inconfort postop&atoire ~ 24 h ~tait : dysphagie, I 1%; dysphonie, I 1% et mal de gorge, 28,8 %. Les maux de gorge &aient b~nins, mais plus import_ants chez deux patients seulement. II n'y avait pas de relation entre la...

Background: In Brazil, there are few studies of the metabolic syndrome in the general population, and even fewer studies that establish a correlation between metabolic syndrome and climacteric.

No abstract

The geographic distribution of the publications on anaesthesiology must not only be analysed in absolute numbers, where the USA is the most productive. The North-European countries show the largest production/number of inhabitants ratio; whereas the largest percentage increase during the period is found in Germany.