Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da compactação do solo sobre suas propriedades morfoestruturais e sobre o desenvolvimento radicular da soja, sob sistema plantio direto, em um experimento conduzido num Latossolo Vermelho distroférrico, em Londrina, PR. O delineamento utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso, com parcelas subdivididas e quatro repetições. Foram constituídos dois tratamentos de manejo nas parcelas: um em solo escarificado à profundidade de 20-25 cm, com densidade do solo de 1,17 Mg m -3 ; e outro em solo compactado, a 12 cm de profundidade, e densidade de 1,38 Mg m -3 . Nas subparcelas, foram semeadas duas cultivares de soja, Embrapa-4 e BR-16. A presença de camadas mais compactas no perfil do solo provocou o desenvolvimento radicular em zonas de menor resistência, em poros biológicos e nas fissuras do solo. A produção de grãos não apresentou diferença entre os tratamentos, graças à adequada disponibilidade hídrica durante o período avaliado. A cultivar Embrapa-4 apresentou maior crescimento radicular em estruturas compactas, comparada à cultivar BR-16.Termos para indexação: caracterização morfoestrutural do solo, distribuição de raízes, resistência do solo à penetração. Soybean root system in function of soil compaction under no-tillage systemAbstract -An experiment was carried out on a Rhodic Ferralsol, in Londrina, PR, to evaluate the soil compaction effects on soil morphostructure and on soybean root distribution, under no-tillage system. The field experiment was arranged in a completely randomized block (split plot) design with four replicates, and with the compacted treatments in the main plots and soybean varieties in subplots. The treatments were: one scarified soil until 20-25 cm depth layer with bulk density of 1.17 Mg m -3 , and one compacted soil with bulk density of 1.38 Mg m -3 , in a 12 cm depth. Two varieties of soybean, Embrapa-4 and BR-16, were cultivated on subplots. Roots developed in zones with less resistance of penetration and in biological tunnels. The soybean grain yield was not different under compacted and noncompacted soil, because soil water moisture was adequate. Embrapa-4 showed greater root density than BR-16.
Resumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi calibrar o medidor de clorofila Minolta SPAD-502 para avaliação da nutrição nitrogenada das plantas de milho, baseando-se na prévia comparação das leituras de clorofila com os teores obtidos pelos extratores N,N-dimetilformamida (DMF) e acetona 80%. No campo, foram avaliados os teores de clorofila em folhas de milho cultivado sob plantio direto após a cultura de aveiapreta e após a de tremoço-branco, por duas safras consecutivas. A extração da clorofila com a solução DMF, por 72 horas, foi a mais indicada para a calibração do medidor de clorofila SPAD-502 na cultura do milho. O ajuste do modelo linear expressou melhor a relação entre o conteúdo de clorofila e as leituras do SPAD na cultura do milho, e seu uso produziu resultados coerentes com o estado nutricional da cultura.Termos para indexação: Avena strigosa, Lupinus albus, adubo verde, estado nutricional. Calibration of a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter for evaluation of the nitrogen nutrition of maizeAbstract -The subject of this study was the calibration of a Minolta SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter for evaluation of the N nutrition of maize, firstly comparing the chlorophyll readings to the contents obtained from either 80% acetone or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) chlorophyll extrators. The chlorophyll of the maize leaves cultivated under zero-tillage after oat and lupin for two consecutive harvests was evaluated in a field experiment. The chlorophyll extraction after 72 hours in DMF solution, was the most suitable for the calibration of the SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter for maize and its use was coherent with the nutritional status of the crop.
SUMMARYNitrogen is the main limiting factor in crop productivity and thereby soil management systems may change the mineralization and nitrification rates. In an experiment on soil management systems implemented in 1988 at the experimental station Fundação ABC, Ponta Grossa, in the central South region of the State of Paraná, inorganic N dynamics were examined to find a soil management strategy with a view to a sustainable environment. The objective of this study was to calculate the net mineralization and nitrification rates of soil N and the correlation with soil pH under management systems. Randomized complete block design was used, in split plots, in three replications. The following soil management systems (SMSs) were adopted in the plots: 1) conventional tillage (CT); 2) minimum tillage (MT); 3) no-tillage with chisel plow every three years (NT CH ); and 4) continuous no-tillage (CNT). To evaluate the dynamics of inorganic N, samples were collected from subplots at different times (11 sampling times -T 1 to T 11 ). In the CNT and NT CH , the net mineralization rates were higher in the MT and CT systems in the 0-2.5 cm soil layer, while the nitrification rate was higher in the 2.5-5 cm layer. Soon after implementing the white oat management, the mineralization and nitrification rates in all soil layers were higher in the MT and CT systems. In the period of soybean
RESUMO: DINÂMICA DO NITROGÊNIO EM SISTEMAS DE MANEJO DO SOLO. I-FLUXO DO NITROGÊNIO INORGÂNICO (NH ) preparo convencional (PC); 2) preparo mínimo (PM); 3) plantio direto com escarificação a cada três anos (PDE); e 4) plantio direto permanente (PDP). Para avaliar a dinâmica do N inorgânico, as subparcelas foram constituídas pelo tempo de coleta (11 tempos de coleta -T 1 a T 11 ). O conteúdo de N amoniacal (N-NH
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.