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RESUMOEste trabalho investiga o comportamento dúctil de aços microligados classe API utilizado em tubulações na indústria do petróleo, e apresenta um estudo exploratório da aplicação da abordagem local e do modelo micromecânico de células computacionais para modelar a extensão estável de trinca em Modo I de abertura em aço ARBL. Ensaios laboratoriais na temperatura ambiente do aço API 5L X70 (utilizando corpos-de-prova normalizados) fornecem a curva de resistência à fratura (curva-R) do material. Esta curva foi utilizada para calibrar os parâmetros micromecânicos de células computacionais empregados no modelo. Este modelo foi utilizado para prever a pressão de colapso de dutos de paredes finas utilizados no transporte de gás, que apresentam defeitos longitudinais de diferentes razões entre profundidade de trinca e espessura de parede (a/t). As análises numéricas realizadas demonstram a capacidade da metodologia de células computacionais 2D em simular o rasgamento dúctil e o crescimento estável de trincas em corpos-de-prova de mecânica da fratura, assim como prever a pressão de colapso de estruturas tubulares contendo defeitos (trincas). ABSTRACTThis study presents the experimental investigation of the ductile behaviour of microalloyed pipeline steel. Additionally, it extends the computational cell methodology to model Mode I crack extension in a high strength low alloy HSLA steel. Laboratory testing of an API 5L X70 steel at room temperature using standard, deep crack C(T) specimens provides the crack growth resistance curve to calibrate the micromechanics cell parameters for the material. The cell model incorporating the calibrated material-specific parameters is then applied to predict the burst pressure of a thin-walled gas pipeline containing longitudinal cracks with varying crack depth to thickness ratios (a/t). The numerical analyses demonstrate the capability of the computational cell approach to simulate ductile crack growth in fracture specimens and to predict the burst pressure of thin-walled tubular structures containing crack-like defects. SUMÁRIOLISTA DE FIGURAS LISTA DE TABELAS LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS

Some new pre-salt fields at Santos Basin in Brazil are located in water depths as deep as 2200m and about 300 km away from the coast. There is variable level of contaminants in the produced fluid, mainly CO2 that affects the material selection of the infield flowlines and risers. Based on these constraints, Petrobras has selected UNS N06625 clad or lined steel linepipes to develop the first fields in Pre-Salt area and also the module 3 of Roncador a post-salt field in Campos Basin. Several challenges have arisen during design, construction and installation of these facilities related to pipeline welding procedures, NDT inspection and Engineering Critical Assessment (ECA). Firstly weld overmatching condition may not be fully achieved due to differences in mechanical properties between UNS 06625 and API X65, and concern increases when reel-lay installation method is chosen. Another welding issue is the maximum interpass temperature of nickel alloys (DNV and PETROBRAS standards limit that to 100°C) and this impacts pipeline installation productivity. Thirdly, back purging characteristics and number of passes protected with purging gases affects the possibility of root oxidation. Also, the inspection of the weld overlay in the pipe end of lined linepipes is other point of great concern. As defect sizing is mandatory for ECA, lined pipes have been designed with a weld overlay length which allows the inspection of the final girth weld by AUT. However, AUT solutions are normally more efficient in rolled or extruded materials than in weld overlaid ones. Additionally, the ECA methodology for both girth welds and weld overlay has complexities that are not usually addressed in a regular ECA for carbon steel pipelines (e.g. internal misalignment of girth welds in risers has stringent requirements because of its effects on fatigue performance and, consequently, the ECA girth weld criteria). Also CRA clad/lined pipelines and risers qualification program may include additional testing when compared with usual carbon steel welding qualification process (namely pitting and intergranular corrosion, full scale fatigue, spooling trials of lined linepipes, segment testing for ECA, and others). Finally, the contribution of clad/lined layer in pipeline design strength is also discussed. This work presents challenges PETROBRAS has faced at design and construction phases of on-going Guaré and Lula-NE pre-salt fields and Roncador field projects, as well as the solutions proposed by the project team in order to overcome the issues raised during project execution.

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