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Highlights A cogeneration power plant fueled with sugarcane bagasse was evaluated. Energy, exergy and exergoenvironmental analyses were developed. The environmental impact of sugarcane bagasse is 6.73 mPt/kg. The predominant emissions were sulfur dioxide. The specific environmental impact of electricity is 6.023 mPt/MJ.

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Meeting the growing energy demands has become a crucial challenge, which should employ energy integration and benefit from the extraction of the maximum thermodynamic potential of the resources consumed. This brief review presents an overview of the essential elements of the methods of energy, exergy, entropy generation minimization, and exergoenvironmental analyses. In combination, these methodologies constitute a powerful toolbox for the design, analysis, and optimization of energy systems. The quantification of energy and environmental impacts provided by them is essential in guiding toward system designs that are consistent with current energy and environmental needs.