In Mexico, the presence of mycotoxins in chemical treated seed maize by sowing is not well known, despite the need to improve the quality and corn safe for human consumption. It collected twentyfive genotypes maize samples from Morelos State in the spring of 2013, all of them treated with synthetic colors (pink, green, yellow), fungicides and insecticides. Two samples (synthetic seed and hybrid commercial) were selected for analysis of twenty-two mycotoxins by LC-MS/MS and AFB1 determination by liquid chromatography and fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD). The results of the 25 samples showed the presence of Aflatoxin B1 in 25% of samples in a ranged concentration between 2 to 6 µg•kg −1 , and average of 4.1 −1 µg•kg, which were within the allowed limits by national and international legislation. Twenty-two mycotoxins were found in levels ranging between 791.7 and 891.2 µg•kg. The content average in both samples was for total aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1, AG2) of 16.95 µg•kg, with G aflatoxins the most prevalence. Twelve trichothecenes (Nivalenol, Neosolanol, Fusarenone X, DAS, HT-2, FB1, FB2, FB3, T-2, Zearalenone, ZEA2, ZEA3) were in a level of 292.7 µg•kg −1 , Enniantine 8.6 µg•kg −1 , Sterigmatocystin 6.5 µg•kg −1 , Roquefortine C, 2.9 µg•kg −1. Ochratoxin 8.8 µg•kg −1 and Mycophenolic acid at 535 µg•kg −1 were the highest content. The synthetic color present in seeds analyzed inhibited a good purification in the extracted mycotoxin by optimizing the step in HPLC-MS/MS quantification system. The information generated in this study would be useful in breeding programs in order to improve the sanitary quality and also to investigate the final contamination of agricultural products with multiple mycotoxin contamination.

Descripción de los casos. Se estudiaron 23 muestras de pelos y escamas de ganado bovino Limousin, Holstein y brangus con lesiones sugestivas a dermatomicosis, en las que se identificó T. verrucosum. Las muestras con lesiones se recolectaron de tres sitios: Tequisquiapan, Puebla y la Ciudad de México.Hallazgos clínicos e interpretación. Los animales presentaron lesiones alopécicas, circulares y con prurito en ojos, cara, cuello y dorso. La evolución y las características de las lesiones fueron compatibles con hongos dermatofitos.Tratamiento y evolución. Las lesiones de los animales de Tequisquiapan se lavaron con agua y jabón, se les aplicó una solución yodada, vitaminas a, d y e, y difenhidraina. Mientras las de los bovinos de Puebla y la Cd. de México se lavaron con una mezcla de ácidos orgánicos, biocidas orgánicos, compuestos peroxigenados y surfactantes, y se les aplicaron vitaminas a, d y e. Todos los animales mejoraron a los 20 días del tratamiento.Pruebas de laboratorio. A las muestras clínicas se les observó directamente con hidróxido de potasio (koh) y se les cultivó en agar dextrosa y agar Mycosel adicionado con tiamina. La identificación de T. verrucosum se confirmó por la observación de microconidios, macroconidios y cadenas de clamidoconidios. El estudio histopatológico se realizó con la piel de las lesiones, se tiñeron los cortes con hematoxilina-eosina (he) y ácido peryódico de Schift (pas).Relevancia clínica. La dermatomicosis es una micosis de carácter zoonótico, lo que representa un importante problema de salud pública y animal, debido al riesgo de contagio de animales sanos y del personal involucrado en su atención y manejo.

A trial was conducted with 414 newborn calves randomly divided by risk-blocks of developing omphalitis or omphalophlebitis: low; medium, and high. The treatments were applied by stump-dipping daily for three days, with either iodine-polyvinylpyrrolidone (I-PVP) (η = 205), or with an alginate gel containing 0.5% enrofloxacin hydrochloride dehydrate (enro-C) (enro-C/alginate gel) (η = 209). Results showed that only one death occurred in the enro-C/alginate gel group, and it was attributable to internal hemorrhage not linked with the treatment. On day 4 6 other cases were recorded as stump fibrosis, but regarded as inconsequential. In the I-PVP group, 44 calves developed cord infection and were considered treatment failures (13 high-risk; 11 medium-risk, and 20 low-risk) (P < 0.05 in the three risk grades). The umbilical stump involution was evident in the enro-C-alginate on day one as most stumps were noticeably dried. Stump detachment occurred on day 29.74 ± 0.79 SD and the umbilical scars did not present infection in any case. In contrast, in the remaining calves of the group treated with I-PVP, stump drying was observable after 72 h, and they detached at a mean of 32.9 ± 3.1 SD days (P < 0.05). In stumps treatment with enro-C-alginate, dirt stuck less, and the gel formed an apparently protecting layer around the umbilical scar when stump was wither absent or too short. These results show that calcium alginates as prepared with enro-C is a successful preventive treatment that allowed rapid umbilical stump involution in newborn calves.

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