Onychomycosis is a nail fungal infection that produces nail discolouration, thickness, and separation from the nail bed. The species of the Fusarium genus that cause onychomycosis are emerging and the number of cases has increased throughout the years. Microscopic examination, as well as cultures, are required for the accurate diagnosis of onychomycosis. The goal of treatment is to eliminate the organism that causes the disease and restore the nail’s normal appearance. Here, we provide an overview of the onychomycosis cases that have been reported in literature over the last 24 years, which have been caused by the Fusarium species. We performed a review on the onychomycosis cases caused by the Fusarium species from January 1997 to January 2021. Patients aged between 40 and 49 years made up 30.23% of the cases. The most common aetiologic species was Fusarium solani species complex (FSSC), which accounted for 44.11% of the cases, followed by F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC), which accounted for 17.64%; 14.70% of the cases were due to F. dimerum species complex (FDSC) and 14.70% of the cases were due F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC). Europe accounted for 29.06% of the cases caused by FOSC, whereas Africa accounted for 46.67% of the cases due to FSSC. The clinical presentation of onychomycosis due to Fusarium spp. is commonly the distal–lateral pattern of onychomycosis. Identification of the infectious agent in onychomycosis cases due to Fusarium is crucial in deciding the proper treatment. Although antifungal susceptibility tests have only been performed in a few cases, susceptibility testing can help with patient management.

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by a dimorphic fungus belonging to the genus Sporothrix. This fungal infection can affect both humans and domestic animals, and in recent years, an increase in the geographic spread and prevalence of sporotrichosis has been observed globally. This systematic review aimed to examine the clinical‐epidemiological and therapeutic aspects related to sporotrichosis co‐infection with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). An extensive electronic search was conducted on databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Lilacs, Medline, Embase, Scopus and SciELO was performed to identify clinical cases of people living with HIV (PLWH) with sporotrichosis published until May 2023. As a result, we found that most co‐infected patients were male, representing 71.76% (94/131) of cases. The most prevalent age group was 41–50 years, with a mean age of 36.98 years. The countries with the highest number of cases were Brazil (75.57%, 99/131) and the United States (16.03%, 21/131). The most frequent clinical presentation was systemic dissemination, accounting for 69.47% (91/131) of the cases, followed by cutaneous dissemination with 13% (17/131). The mean CD4+ cell count was 154.07 cells/μL, and most patients used amphotericin B with at least one azole, which represented 47.33% (62/131) of cases, followed by azole monotherapy in 17.56% (23/131) of cases. As for the outcome, 51.15% (67/131) of the patients remained alive, and 37.4% (49/131) died. Therefore, it was concluded that sporotrichosis in PLWH is a disease with a high prevalence in Brazil and may be associated with systemic clinical manifestations requiring longer periods of systemic antifungal therapy.

No abstract

O carcinoma de tireoide, neoplasia maligna mais comum do sistema endócrino, tem aumentado nos últimos anos, em função de fatores de risco e a maior precisão diagnóstica. Sabendo que os registros hospitalares de câncer (RHCs) possuem informações que revelam a situação da assistência oncológica, o presente estudo pode ser considerado relevante na estruturação de planos locais. O objetivo deste trabalho foi conhecer as informações disponíveis no Módulo Integrador dos Registros Hospitalares de Câncer (Integrador RHC) e analisar variáveis oriundas de registros de um hospital, em Dourados-MS, entre 2002 e 2015, acerca de pacientes com câncer de tireoide. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo de dados secundários fornecidos pelo Integrador RHC. Esta investigação encontrou 200 casos de pacientes com câncer de tireoide. Verificou-se um aumento no número de registros entre 2013 e 2014, com 40 (20%) e 46 (23%) indivíduos, respectivamente, sendo a maioria dos registros do sexo feminino (86,5%). A faixa etária mais frequente, considerando ambos os sexos, foi a de 40 e 54 anos com 30 casos (15%). Os tipos histológicos mais encontrados foram: papilífero (69,5%) e folicular (4,5%). A maioria dos registros foi de pacientes oriundos de Dourados (105 indivíduos), incluindo registros de 25 cidades vizinhas. O sexo feminino representou a maioria de pacientes acometidos pela doença com faixa etária, em ambos os sexos, entre 50 e 54 anos. Evidenciou-se, ainda, a relevância de Dourados enquanto centro oncológico, assim como a importância do Integrador RHC, enquanto plataforma que possibilita verificação de dados a respeito do câncer de tireoide.     Palavras-chave: Câncer de Tireoide. Registros Hospitalares. Sistemas de Informação em Saúde.   Abstract  Thyroid carcinoma, the most common malignant neoplasm of the endocrine system, has increased in the last years due to the action of risk factors and greater diagnostic accuracy. Knowing that hospital cancer records (RHCs) have information that reveals the status of cancer care, this study can be considered relevant in structuring local plans. This study aimed to know the information available at Cancer Hospital Records Integrator Module (RHC Integrator) and to analyze variables of records of a hospital, in Dourados-MS, between 2002 and 2015, about thyroid cancer patients. This is a descriptive study of secondary data provided by the RHC Integrator. This investigation found 200 cases of patients with thyroid cancer. There was an increase in the number of records between 2013 and 2014, with 40 (20%) and 46 (23%), respectively, and most of the records consisted of female (86.5%). The most frequent age group, considering both sexes, was 40 and 54 years old with 30 cases (15%). The most common histological types were: papillary (69.5%) and follicular (4.5%). Most of the records were of patients from Dourados (105 individuals), including records from 25 neighboring cities. The female sex represents the majority of patients affected by the disease with age group in both sexes between 50 and 54 years. There was also a Dourados company as an oncologic center, as well as the importance of the RHC Integrator as a platform that enables the data verification on thyroid cancer.   Keywords: Thyroid Cancer. Hospital Records. Health Information Systems.

A obra intitulada: "EPIDEMIOLOGIA: ESTUDOS CLÍNICOS E REVISÕES" reflete sobre a Epidemiologia e a interface com Atenção Primária a Saúde, Infecções Relacionadas à Assistência à Saúde (IRAS), Pandemia provocada pela COVID-19, Oncologia, entre outros. Nesse sentido, faz-se necessário compreender a epidemiologia como um ramo da ciência que estuda o processo saúdedoença e contribui com a construção de políticas públicas direcionadas para o controle dos problemas e agravos a saúde. Em nossos livros selecionamos um dos capítulos para premiação como forma de incentivo para os autores, e entre os excelentes trabalhos selecionados para compor este livro, o premiado foi o capítulo 17, intitulado "PRÁTICA E MOTIVOS ATRIBUÍDOS AO USO DE MÁSCARAS ENTRE ESTUDANTES DA SAÚDE DURANTE A PANDEMIA DA COVID-19".Neste ínterim, destaca-se que diante do cenário atual de saúde pública provocado pela COVID-19 identificar os fatores motivadores para a prática do uso de máscaras é fundamental para auxiliar no desenvolvimento de ações de incentivo a esse cuidado essencial para o enfrentamento da pandemia. Assim, espera-se enriquecer a produção científica sobre epidemiologia, agregar o conhecimento científico, subsidiar conhecimento dos profissionais, estudantes e sociedade para compreensão do cenário de saúde atual, e possibilitar reflexões que possam incentivar outros estudos para fortalecer a pesquisa no Brasil pautadas nas evidências científicas.