This study analyzed the regional concentration of the gross production value (GPV) of firewood in Paraíba from 1994 to 2014. It measured the concentration by means of the Concentration Ratio [CR(k)] of the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Theil's Entropy (E), the Hall-Tindelman Index (HTI), and the Gini Index (G). From the analyses performed, it was concluded that there was growth in the GPV of firewood in Paraíba from R$ 2.59 million to R$ 10.39 million (in current terms). The CR(4) and CR(8) of the municipalities indicated low concentration; the CR(4) in the microregions presented a moderately low concentration, and the CR(8) had moderately high concentration. The HHI of the municipalities and microregions has a competitive market, and the HHI of the mesoregions has moderate concentration; E corroborated the evidence of HHI; HTI presented low regional concentration; G showed medium to strong inequality for mesoregions, weak to medium in microregions and zero to weak in municipalities.

This study analyzed the evolution and degree of the global concentration of pulp exports from 1961 to 2014. In order to measure and analyze the concentration, the following indicators were used: Concentration Ratio [CR(k)]; Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI); Theil Entropy Index (E); Hall and Tideman Index (HTI); Comprehensive Concentration Index (CCI); and Gini Coefficient (G). We concluded that there was a tendency of growth in the global pulp exports during the analyzed period due to an increase in demand driven by population growth and to per capita consumption, enhancing the increase in the number of exporting countries. The CR(k) of the global pulp exporting countries showed that the four [CR(4)] and eight [CR(8)] largest countries present a high concentration, with an oligopolistic market structure and competitive advantage. About 100% of exports are dominated by the 20 largest countries [CR(20)]. The HHI, E, HTI, and CCI indicators showed that there is a concentration in global pulp exportation and presented a deconcentrating tendency. Despite the increase in the number of exporting countries, there was no significant reduction in the inequality of global pulp exports. According to the Gini Coefficient, the inequality was strong to absolute.

Charcoal has an economic, social and environmental importance, because in addition to being a source of energy, it generates employment and income in the rural environment. Therefore, knowing your market is fundamental for the decision-making of those segments that depend on this raw material. This work analyzed the regional concentration of charcoal production in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, from 1994 to 2016. The data used to measure the regional production concentration (in tons) of native Paraíba charcoal were obtained from the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 1994 to 2016. The indicators used were the Concentration Ratio [CR(k)], the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), Theil's entropy index (E) and the Gini Index (G). The main results show that the mesorregions of Borborema and Sertão Paraibano present concentrations in charcoal production from Paraíba. The CR(k) of the municipalities had a low to moderately low concentration and a moderately high to a high concentration for the microregions; the HHI and E showed deconcentration tendencies from competitive markets; the G showed strong to very strong inequality for the municipalities and microregions on average. It is concluded that the concentration of charcoal production at regional levels is not concentrated, even though it presents a moderate concentration in the partial indices [CR(k)] for the Paraíba microregions.

No abstract

No abstract