A woman with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, under replacement L-T4, repeatedly experienced, over a 10-year period, elevations of serum TSH after eyelid injections of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin A (Btx). We hypothesized a link between Btx injections and TSH elevations via molecular mimicry, and aimed to verify our hypothesis. Using an in silico approach, we searched first for amino acid sequence homology between Btx and thyroid autoantigens, and next for HLA binding motifs within homologous segments. We found that (i) Btx and thyroid autoantigens share amino acid sequence homology; (ii) some homologous regions contain epitopes of both Btx and thyroid autoantigens; (iii) some of such regions contain HLA-DR3 and/or HLA-DR7 binding motifs, which predominate over other HLA-DRs. This is relevant because the patient's HLA-DR haplotype was DR3/DR7. In conclusion, clinical and bioinformatics data suggest a possible pathogenetic link between Btx and autoimmune thyroid diseases. Considering the wide and increasing medical and dermocosmetic use of Btx, and the frequently subclinical course of autoimmune thyroid diseases, we think that thyroid "complications" may pass frequently undetected in Btx-treated persons.
Vpliv amiodarona na delovanje ščitnice -Prikaz primera IzvlečekAmiodaron je antiaritmik, ki se pogosto uporablja pri zdravljenju prekatnih in nadprekatnih aritmij. Povzroča lahko številne stranske učinke, tudi motnje v delovanju ščitnice, kar lahko vodi v hipo-ali hipertirozo. Obstajata dve vrsti hipertiroze, povzročene z amiodaronom. Tip 1 se najpogosteje pojavlja pri ljudeh z obstoječo ščitnično patologijo in je posledica čezmernega vnosa joda. Tip 2 pa ni povezan z že prisotno ščitnično patologijo. Zanj je značilna prisotnost destruktivnega vnetja ščitnice.V Splošni bolnišnici Izola je bil zaradi prsnih bolečin obravnavan 55-letni bolnik. Diagnosticirani sta bili atrijska fibrilacija in trižilna koronarna bolezen, izmerjena koncentracija serumskega TSH pa je bila normalna. Sledila je premostitvena operacija na koronarnem žilju, po kateri je bil bolniku predpisan amiodaron. Dve leti kasneje je bila prvič odkrita hipertiroza. UZ ščitnice je pokazal spremembe, značilne za avtoimunsko bolezen, povišana ščitnična avtoprotitelesa pa niso bila prisotna. Amiodaron smo ukinili, predpisali pa tirostatik, kar je vodilo v remisijo hipertiroze. V prvem mesecu po ukinitvi tirostatika je prišlo do primarnega srčnega zastoja z znaki difuzne ishemične okvare možganov. Zaradi neobstojnih prekatnih tahikardij je bil vstavljen ICD (angl. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator), ponovno je bil predpisan amiodaron. Po treh letih jemanja pa se je hipertiroza ponovila. Ker tokrat ukinitev amiodarona in zdravljenje s tirostatiki nista vodila v remisijo, je bila opravljena totalna tiroidektomija. Patohistološka preiskava ščitnice je pokazala z amiodaronom povzročeno hipertirozo tipa 2. Na 17. pooperativni dan je bila pri bolniku uvedena nadomestna terapija z levotiroksinom.Zdravljenje izbire z amiodaronom povzročene hipertiroze tipa 2 so peroralni glukokortikoidi. Vendar je pri izbrani skupini bolnikov, pri katerih medikamentno zdravljenje ni uspešno, totalna tiroidektomija varna in učinkovita metoda kjub zdravljenju z glukokortikoidi v visokih odmerkih in morebitnim pridruženim boleznim. Poleg tega totalna tiroidektomija omogoča neprekinjeno zdravljenje z amiodaronom, če je to nujno potrebno. Po tiroidektomiji lahko povišane serumske vrednosti prostega trijodtironina in prostega tiroksina vztrajajo še več dni po posegu. AbstractAmiodarone is an antiarrhythmic drug, commonly used in the treatment of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. It can cause many side effects, including thyroid dysfunction, which can lead to either hypo-or hyperthyroidism. There are two types of amiodarone-induced hyperthyroidism. Type 1 affects patients with preexisting thyroid pathology and is the consequence of iodine excess. Type 2 is not related to preexisting thyroid pathology and is characterised by the presence of destructive thyroid inflammation.A 55-year old male was admitted to our hospital because of chest pain. He was diagnosed with atrial fibrillation and three vessel coronary artery disease, serum TSH concentration was normal. The patie...
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