No abstract

No abstract

The dry matter in calf milk replacer was compared with dry matter in goat milk for Nubian goat kids. Kids were fed the following diets from 4 days of age for 6 wk: 1) whole goat milk (14.0% dry matter), 2) calf milk replacer (13.5% dry matter), and 3) calf milk replacer (18.0% dry matter). Body weight of kids fed whole milk and 18.0% dry matter milk replacer increased each week. Kids fed the 13.5% dry matter milk replacer increased in weight to the 3rd wk but steadily declined thereafter. Total weight gain was more for kids fed whole milk (3.89 kg) than for kids fed milk replacer diets with 13.5 or 18.0% dry matter (.79 and 3.06 kg, respectively). For the first 3 wk, average daily gain was lowest for kids fed 18.0% milk replacer diet, but highest for wk 4 to 6. These data indicate that 3-week-old goat kids can utilize large amounts of dry matter from milk replacer to sustain a rate of growth similar to that of kids fed whole milk; however, high amounts of dry matter from milk replacer are poorly utilized by kids during the first 3 wk of life.

Samples of vegetable-tanned strap leather were exposed to conditions favorable for mildew growth in a tropical room at Fort Belvoir, Va., and in soil burial beds and in a humidity cabinet at the National Bureau of Standards. Mildew under these conditions varied from moderate to very heavy growth.Physical tests showed that the growth of mildew on leather increased its stiffness, caused a loss in tensile strength, decreased stretch at the breaking point, and weakened the grain surface. Chemical tests revealed a loss of grease, water solubles, glucose, tannins, and nontannins.No appreciable deterioration of the hide substance was indicated by the tests. The change in physical properties appeared to be due to the mildew activity impairing principally the outer surface of the leather.The molds in assimilating the grease bring about decomposition (decarboxylation) of the fatty acids. This is shown by a decrease in the saponification number.Samples of leather containing a fungicidal oil having as active ingredients a mixture of paranitrophenol and pentachlorophenol in equal proportions and aged under the same conditions as the untreated leat hers showed no evidence of mildew after 12 weeks.

Polyvinyl alcohol has been evaluated as a warp size for cotton, Dacron 4 polyester staple yarn, and blends of Dacron staple with cotton and viscose rayon. Under simu lated weaving conditions, superior sizing performance on all these yarns was given by completely hydrolyzed, high viscosity product. This type of polyvinyl alcohol also proved to be effective as an extender for various sizes based on starch or modified starch. The size formulations tested are described.