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Iodoacetic acid or N-ethylmaleimide included in cell suspensions during measurements of sorbose exit from yeast cells caused sorbose efflux to occur at a uniform rate in contrast to the usual two-phase exit. Cells pretreated with these agents were still capable of sugar uptake, but the entire efflux now occurred at the usual initial rate. Microscopically, the vacuoles of treated cells were observed to be altered or disrupted. Vacuolar effects occurred before methylene blue was able to penetrate the external cell membrane and stain the cells. Vacuoleless cells also allowed a single rate of sorbose efflux. The selective effect upon intracellular membranes is interpreted as a disruption of the boundaries of an internal sugar compartment with the result that sugar exits from the cell at a rate controlled only by the external membrane.

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The influence of methylphenidate on glycolysis in yeast cells was studied to describe more fully the nature of the reactions in which this drug participates. CO2 production and 02 uptake of yeast cells was inhibited 75 % by a 10 mM concentration of the compound. This effect, with glucose as a substrate, occurred at pH 7.0, but not at pH 4.5. Kinetic data indicated that the reaction was noncompetitive and complex; the methylphenidate effect on CO2 production could not readily be reversed. Glycolysis by cell-free extracts was not inhibited at the 10-mM concentration, but was affected at 100 mM. Utilization of 02 with maltose and ethyl alcohol as substrates also was reduced. Entry into the cells of a number of different carbohydrates and of glycine was inhibited to different degrees. The loss from suspended cells of materials absorbing at 280 nm was reduced, and the efflux of sorbose, arabinose, and lactose was decreased. Thus, transport into and out of the cells was inhibited and leakage, or permeability, was reduced. It is hypothesized that methylphenidate reacts with a cell membrane constituent, or constituents, and inhibits glycolysis by blocking sugar passage.