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Abstract. Optimization in changing environment is a challenging task, especially when multiple objectives are to be optimized simultaneously. The basic idea to address dynamic optimization problems is to utilize history information to guide future search. In this paper, two strategies for population re-initialization are introduced when a change in the environment is detected. The first strategy is to predict the new location of individuals from the location changes that have occurred in the history. The current population is then partially or completely replaced by the new individuals generated based on prediction. The second strategy is to perturb the current population with a Gaussian noise whose variance is estimated according to previous changes. The prediction based population reinitialization strategies, together with the random re-initialization method, are then compared on two bi-objective test problems. Conclusions on the different re-initialization strategies are drawn based on the preliminary empirical results.

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Abstract-Stock markets are very important in modern societies and their behaviour have serious implications in a wide spectrum of the world's population. Investors, governing bodies and the society as a whole could benefit from better understanding of the behavior of stock markets. The traditional approach to analyze such systems is the use of analytical models. However, the complexity of financial markets represents a big challenge to the analytical approach. Most analytical models make simplifying assumptions, such as perfect rationality and homogeneous investors, which threaten the validity of analytical results. This motivates alternative methods.In this work, we developed an artificial financial market and used it to study the behavior of stock markets. In this market, we model technical, fundamental and noise traders. The technical traders are sophisticated genetic programming based agents that co-evolve (by means of their fitness function) by predicting investment opportunities in the market using technical analysis as the main tool.With this endogenous artificial market, we identified conditions under which the statistical properties of price series in the artificial market resembles those of the real financial markets. Additionally, we modeled the pressure to beat the market by a behavioral constraint imposed on the agents reflecting the Red Queen principle in evolution. We have demonstrated how evolutionary computation could play a key role in studying stock markets.