The observational capability and instrumental details of a Fourier spectrometer intended for moderate to very high resolution (20 cm-1 to 0.005 cm -1) observations of astronomical sources in the visible and infrared (700 -2800 cm-1 i.e., 0.36pm to 14pm) are described and a few initial spectra are shown to illustrate performance achieved to date.The instrument is unusual in that it can be maintained by a moderate level of non -specialist technical support and does not require the observer to be an instrumentalist familiar with the details of the spectrometer.

Previous investigations_______________._______________ 1 Methods of investigation and presentation of data.________________ 2 Acknowledgments-______________________________________ 3 Well-numbering system._______________________________________ Location of wells.

Travel time__________________________________________________ 13 Chemical quality of water en route through the "500-foot" sand_______ Variations in chemical quality of water___________________________ 16 Relation to chemical quality of water in other aquifers.____________ Changes in chemical quality with time_____________________-_____

Available ground water in much of central Wisconsin is limited to discharge through wells of low yield. Aquifers that yield small amounts of water to wells include fractured crystalline rock at or near surface in the eastern part of the area, sandstone overlying crystalline rock in the southern and western parts, and glacial till that covers the area north and west of the Marshfield moraine. Many wells in crystalline rock yield less than 2 gpm (gallons per minute). About 90 percent of the wells in sandstone and most wells in glacial till yield 5-20 gpm. Outwash sand and gravel in segments of some bedrock channels, however, yield large supplies of water to wells. Wells in surficial sand and gravel in the lower valleys of major tributaries to the Wisconsin River yield as much as 450 gpm. Sand and gravel in segments of bedrock channels, many of which were delineated during this project, are covered by till or alluvium; wells in these sand and gravel deposits yield 100 400 gpm. Induced recharge to buried aquifers by infiltration of water through the beds of overlying streams is feasible at six sites within 8 miles of Marshfield. Infiltration through the streambed of Little Eau Pleine River about 7 mil^s northeast of Marshfield was about 200 gpm when the groundwater level was lowered temporarily. Additional recharge through ponding is possible at other sites. Streamflows in the area generally are not dependable sources of municipal or industrial supplies without storage. Nearly one-third of the flows measured in August 1969 were less than 0.01 cubic foot per second per square mile. Annual flows, however, would provide adequate within-year storage. Chemical quality of water in the area is suitable for most uses. Ground water is hard, contains objectionable concentrations of iron, and locally is high in nitrate content. Surface water has an average dissolved-solids content of about 100 milligrams per liter. DESCRIPTION OF AREA The area of investigation (fig. 1) in central Wisconsin comprises parts of Clark, Jackson, Lincoln, Marathon, Portage, Tsylor, and Wood Counties. The area is bounded on the east by the Wisconsin River, on the west by the west edge of the Black River basin, on the south by the south township line 22 N., and on the north by the north township line 31 N. Outside those boundaries problems of water supply are less acute than within the defined study area. The study area, 3,010 square miles, lies in parts of two of Martin's (1932) geographical provinces, the Northern Highland and the Central Plain. As 4 WATER AVAILABILITY IN CENTRAL WISCONSIN geology was outlined by Leverett (1929), Hole (1943), and Thwaites (1946). Information on the water resources of the area is included in reports by Kirchoffer (1905), Weidman and Schultz (1915), Wisconsin Bureau of Sanitary Engineering (1935), Drescher (1956), Holt (1965), and Devaul and Green (1971). COOPERATION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study is part of the statewide cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey and the University Extension the University of W...

Relation of hydrologic system to water utilization _________________ The available water supply. ________________________________________ The Ohio River_______________________________________________ Discharge ________________________________________________ Chemical quality and pollution______________________________ Small streams,_._______-___-________-______-__-_-_-_-_-______ Ground water in alluvium.__-_____________________-__-_-_______ Natural recharge to the alluvium.___________________________ Induced recharge to the alluvium____________________________ Natural discharge from the alluvium.________________________ Chemical quality and temperature. _________________________ Ground water in bedrock.______________________________________ Water-supply development.________________________________________ Utilization of water.