Abstract:Kasturi as a typical plant in South Kalimantan is one fruit that has many benefits. The barks of kasturi has proved to have benefits, especially to inhibit the activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus is a gram positive bacteria that cause pneumonia, mastitis, and urinary tract infections. The bark of kasturi can be used in extract form. The objective of this research is to know the difference between the preparations of inhibition kasturi’s bark extract and ampicillin 30μg in inhibiting the growth of Staphylococcus aureus in vitro. This study used an experimental method consisting of 9 treatments with 3 repetitions. Treatment test in the methanol extract of the bark of kasturi 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5% and 100%. The control group used ampicillin and 70% methanol. Bacterial test was done by using a diffusion method. The parameter measured was the amount of inhibition zone (mm) which grown on media MH. Analysis of study data used One way Annova test and Post Hoc LSD test at α=0,05. The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatment kasturi’s bark extract 25%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5% and 100% concentration different compared to ampicillin. Meanwhile, at the concentration of 37.5% (p <0.05) was not significant. The antibacterial effectiveness was obtained from the concentration of 100%. Key words: the bark of kasturi, methanol extract, Staphylococcus aureus, inhibition zone. Abstrak: Kasturi sebagai salah satu tanaman khas yang ada di Kalimantan Selatan merupakan salah satu buah yang memiliki banyak khasiat. Kulit batang kasturi terbukti memiliki manfaat terutama dapat menghambat aktivitas Staphylococcus aureus. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri gram positif yang menyebabkan penyakit pneumonia, mastitis, dan infeksi saluran kemih. Kulit batang kasturi dapat digunakan dalam bentuk ekstrak. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui perbedaan daya hambat antara sediaan ekstrak kulit batang kasturi dengan ampisilin 30µg dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Perlakuan yang di uji adalah ekstrak metanol kulit batang kasturi 25%, 37,5%, 50%, 62,5%, 75%, 87,5% dan 100%. Dan kontrol perlakuan dengan ampisilin dan metanol 70%. Uji bakteri dilakukan menggunakan metode difusi. Parameter yang diukur adalah besaran zona hambat (mm) yang tumbuh pada media MH. Analisis data penelitian mengunakan uji One way ANNOVA dan uji Post Hoc LSD pada α=0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan bermakna diantara perlakuan ekstrak kulit batang kasturi 25%, 50%, 62,5%, 75%, 87,5% dan 100% konsentrasi yang beda di bandingkan dengan ampisilin. Sedangkan pada konsentrasi 37,5% (p<0,05) tidak bermakna. Efektivitas antibakteri yang terbesar di peroleh dari konsentrasi 100%.Kata-kata kunci: kulit batang kasturi, ekstrak metanol, Staphylococcus aureus, zona hambat.

Candida albicans is the most common cause of candidacies. Ketoconazole is one of the main options treatment of candidiasis, but is reported to have experienced resistance and hepatotoxic. Extract methanol bark of kasturi contains the same active substance with, Mango that is phenolic groups, terpenoids, and saponins that are antifungal. The purpose of this study was to determine differences in the concentration of the methanol extract of the bark of kasturi with ketoconazole 2% against Candida albicans in vitro. This study was true laboratory experimental  by using randomize post test-only group designs, which consisted of 9 treatments, ie EMKBK concentration of 25%, 50% to 37.5%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5%, 100%, ketoconazole 2% and 70% methanol (control) repetition 3 times with diffusion test. Data analysis using ANOVA and post hoc LSD test (α = 0.05). The result showed mean inhibition zone the methanol extract of the bark of kasturi against Candida albicans at a concentration of 25%, 37.5%, 50%, 62.5%, 75%, 87.5% and 100% is 7 mm; 9 mm; 10 mm; 12 mm; 16 mm; 19 mm, 22 mm and ketoconazole 2% is 15 mm and there is a significant difference between the treatment EMKBK with ketoconazole 2%. Keywords: antifungal, extract methanol bark of kasturi, ketokonazole 2%, Candida albicans  Abstrak: Candida albicans merupakan penyebab tersering kandidiasis. Ketokonazol merupakan salah satu pilihan utama untuk mengobati kandidiasis, tetapi dilaporkan telah mengalami resistensi dan bersifat hepatotoksik. Ekstrak metanol kulit batang kasturi mengandung zat aktif yang sama dengan mangga yaitu golongan fenolik, terpenoid, dan saponin yang merupakan antifungi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak metanol kulit batang kasturi dengan ketokonazol 2% terhadap Candida albicans In Vitro. Penelitian ini adalah eksperimental laboratoris murni dengan mengunakan randomize post test- only group designs , yang terdiri dari 9 perlakuan, yaitu EMKBK konsentrasi 25 %, 37,5 % 50 %, 62,5 %, 75 %, 87,5 %, 100 %, ketokonazol 2% dan metanol 70% (kontrol) pengulangan 3 kali dengan uji difusi. Analisis data mengunakan uji ANOVA dan uji post hoc LSD (α=0,05). Hasil penelitian didapatkan rerata zona hambat ekstrak metanol kulit batang kasturi terhadap Candida albicans pada konsentrasi 25%, 37,5%, 50%, 62,5%, 75%, 87,5% dan 100% adalah 7 mm; 9 mm; 10 mm; 12 mm;16 mm; 19 mm, 22 mm dan ketokonazol 2% adalah 15 mm dan terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara perlakuan EMKBK dengan ketokonazol 2%. Kata – kata kunci: antifungi, ekstrak metanol kulit batang kasturi, ketokonazol 2%, Candida albicans

The quality of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) is determined by the Free Fatty Acid (FFA) with the standard value below 5%. High FFA in CPO will cause further difficulties due to low refining rate and quality like rancidness and odor. The objective of this research was to determine the factors that affect the FFA content in CPO. This research was conducted from January until April 2021. Fruit samples were collected from BKLE and PNRE East Kotawaringin and analyzed to Analytical Laboratory PT BGA. The FFA value was determined using the titration method according to Indonesian National Standard (SNI). Based on this research, several factors such as rat and moth attacks, fruit maturity, fruit handling, and delayed delivery to the palm oil mill affected the FFA value. These factors caused an increase in the FFA value up to 41.10%‒204% compared to the average FFA value is only 0.77%‒1.29%. Therefore, minimizing the pre‐processing problem will reduce the potential of FFA value increment so that good quality CPO can be obtained.   Keywords: fruit handling, fruit maturity, pest attack, titration method

Epiphytic weeds living on oil palm trunks will complicate harvesting activities. In addition, the presence of this weed can increase the risk of accidents being hit by fruit during harvesting. The objective of this research was to obtain herbicide and its efficient concentrations to control epiphytic weeds using root infusion method. The research was arranged in a single factor completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and five replications. Active ingredients of herbicide that used were methyl metsulfuron at a concentration of 20%, 30%, and 40%, glyphosate 30%, and triclopyr + diesel fuel at a ratio of 1:19. All treatments except triclopyr were diluted in 100 ml water for each epiphytic weed. Weed mortality rate (%) was observed every week for one month. The results showed that a solution of 30% methyl metsulfuron herbicide in 100 ml of water and 30% glyphosate in 100 ml of water was the most optimal treatment in controlling epiphytic weeds. Cutting the entire suction root of epiphytic weeds can increase the chance of weed mortality.

Abstrak  Masalah kurang energi protein (KEP) sebagai salah satu masalah gizi utama yang terjadi pada anak. Didalamnya terdapat salah satu aspek yaitu higiene dan sanitasi makanan. Implikasi dari kekurangan gizi yang lama pada anak akan mengalami hambatan tumbuh kembang dan terjadinya peningkatan penyakit pada anak. Pemenuhan zat gizi masih sangat rendah di dibandingkan provinsi lain, yaitu sebesar 11,7% hal ini karena akses untuk mencapai pelosok desa dalam memenuhi kebutuhan gizi anak masih tergantung pada pasar keliling yang tidak menjamin kualitas sanitasinya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap dan terpaan informasi dengan perilaku higiene dan sanitasi pada pedagang sayur keliling. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross sectional dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 pedagang sayur keliling di Kabupaten Banjar yang diambil secara purposive sampling. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah kuesioner. Analisis data menggunakan uji chi square dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dengan perilaku (nilai p = 0,044; OR = 8,33), terdapat hubungan antara sikap dengan perilaku (nilai p = 0,017; OR = 0,647), serta tidak ada hubungan antara terpaan informasi dengan perilaku (nilai p = 0,073). Berdasarkan hal tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan sikap dengan perilaku higiene dan sanitasi pada pedagang sayur keliling di Kabupaten Banjar. Kata-kata kunci: Higiene dan sanitasi, pengetahuan, sikap, terpaan informasi, perilaku  Abstract The problem of lacking protein energy (PEM) as one of the main nutritional problems that occur in children. In it there is one aspect of hygiene and food sanitation. The implications of long-term malnutrition in children will experience growth barriers and increased disease in children. The fulfillment of nutrients is still very low compared to other provinces, which is 11.7% of this is because access to reach the village corners to meet the nutritional needs of children is still dependent on the mobile market that does not guarantee the quality of sanitation. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship of knowledge, attitude and exposure of information with hygiene and sanitation behavior on the mobile vegetable traders. This research use cross sectional design with 30 samples of vegetable sellers in Banjar Regency taken by purposive sampling. The instrument used is a questionnaire. Data analysis using chi square test with 95% confidence level. The result showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge and behavior (p value = 0.044, OR = 8.33), there was correlation between attitude and behavior (p value = 0.017; OR = 0.647), and no relationship between exposure of information with behavior (p value = 0.073). Based on this it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitude with hygiene and sanitation behavior on the mobile vegetable traders in Kabupaten Banjar. Keywords: Hygiene and sanitation, knowledge, attitude, information exposure, behavior