iv including plug and process loads. Chapter 5 and Appendix C of this report present these energy simulation results as used in the cost-effectiveness analysis.The energy saving analysis of Standard 90.1 in the report described above utilized a suite of 16 prototype EnergyPlus building models. Prototypes were simulated in 17 climate locations representing all eight U.S. climate zones. The cost-effectiveness analysis in this report used a subset of prototypes and climate locations, providing coverage of nearly all of the changes in Standard 90.1 from the 2007 to 2010 edition that affect energy savings, equipment and construction costs, and maintenance, including conventional HVAC systems used in commercial buildings. Each prototype building was analyzed in each climate location for a total of 30 cost-effectiveness assessments. The following prototype buildings and climate locations were included in the analysis: Prototypes Climate Locations Small Office 2A Houston, Texas (hot, humid) Large Office 4A Baltimore, Maryland (mixed, humid) Standalone Retail 3A Memphis, Tennessee (warm, humid) Primary School 5A Chicago, Illinois (cool, humid) Small Hotel 3B Albuquerque, New Mexico (hot, dry) Mid-rise ApartmentA primary input to the cost-effectiveness analysis was the incremental costs for the addenda to 90.1-2007 that were included in 90.1-2010. Of the 109 total addenda to 90.1-2007, 41 had quantified energy savings that were modeled in the 90.1-2010 energy savings analysis. The remaining addenda were not considered to have quantifiable savings, or do not affect the sections of 90.1 that directly impact building energy usage. Of the 41 addenda with quantified energy savings, 38 were modeled in the six prototypes and were included with the cost estimate. The remaining three addenda affect building systems that were not included in the prototypes.vi Table ES-1 Summary of Cost-effectiveness Analysis Prototype Climate Zone

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Building Energy Codes Program supports the upgrade and implementation of building energy codes and standards, which set minimum requirements for energyefficient design and construction for new and renovated buildings, and impact energy use and greenhouse gas emissions for the life of buildings. Continuous improvement of building energy efficiency is achieved by periodically updating model energy codes for commercial and residential buildings. Through consensus-based code development processes, DOE recommends revisions and amendments, supporting technologically feasible and economically justified energy efficiency measures. Ensuring that model code changes impacting the cost of building construction, maintenance, and energy services are cost-effective also encourages their adoption and implementation at the state and local levels. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) prepared this analysis to support DOE in evaluating the energy and economic impacts associated with updated codes in commercial buildings. The purpose of this analysis is to examine the cost-effectiveness of the 2013 edition of ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 1 Standard 90.1 (ANSI/ASHRAE/IES 2013). Standard 90.1 is developed by the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard Standing Project Committee (SSPC) 90.1. It is the model energy standard for commercial and multifamily residential buildings over three floors (42 USC 6833). PNNL analyzed the cost-effectiveness of changes in Standard 90.1 from 90.1-2010 to 90.1-2013, as applied in commercial buildings across the United States. During the development of new editions of Standard 90.1, the cost-effectiveness of individual changes (addenda) is often calculated to support the deliberations of ASHRAE Standard Standing Project Committee (SSPC) 90.1. The ASHRAE process, however, does not include analysis of the cost-effectiveness of the entire package of addenda from one edition of the standard to the next, which is of particular interest to adopting State and local governments. Providing States with an analysis of costeffectiveness may encourage more rapid adoption of newer editions of energy codes based on Standard 90.1. This information may also inform the development of future editions of Standard 90.1.To establish the cost-effectiveness of Standard 90.1-2013, three main tasks were addressed:• Identification of building elements impacted by the updated standard • Allocation of associated installation, maintenance, and replacement costs • Cost-effectiveness analysis of required changes In addition to installation, maintenance, and replacement costs, energy cost differences were needed to determine cost-effectiveness. The energy costs for each edition of Standard 90.1 were determined previously under the development of Standard 90.1-2013, as described below.The current analysis builds on the previous PNNL analysis (as outlined in Section 5.2) of the energy use and energy cost saving impacts of Standard 90.1-2013 compared to pre...