Objectives: The aim was to compare the feasibility of ultrasoundguided multiple nerve blocks (fascia iliaca compartment block+ sacral plexus block+superior cluneal nerve block) with general anesthesia in geriatric hip fracture patients.Methods: Ninety-four patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: group N received ultrasound-guided multiple nerve blocks and group G received general anesthesia. Primary outcome measures included perioperative Pain Threshold Index (PTI) and Numerical Rating Scale. Secondary outcome measures comprised the following: (1) perioperative Delirium Index and Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire; (2) perioperative Comfort Index; (3) perioperative opioid consumption (within 72 hours postoperatively); and (4) postoperative side effects (within 72 h postoperatively).Results: Eighty-seven patients completed the study. Baseline PTI was comparable between the groups. However, intraoperative PTI was significantly lower in group N than in group G. Preoperative and postoperative Comfort Index scores were comparable between the groups. Moderate delirium (24 to 72 h postoperatively) was significantly higher than the baseline in group G. Early moderate delirium (24 h postoperatively) was significantly higher in group G than in group N. Severe delirium was comparable between the groups and within each group. High intraoperative PTI was associated with high opioid consumption. The intravenous sufentanil dose in group G was twice of that in group N. Incidence of nausea and vomiting was similar between the groups.Discussion: Ultrasound-guided multiple nerve blockade may be an alternative to the common anesthetic procedures used for geriatric hip fracture patients. It provided satisfactory intraoperative pain management and reduced early postoperative cognitive disorders.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss, it has seriously affect peoples' health. The purpose of this study is to contrast the neuroprotective effects of curcumin, gastrodin, propylgallate, adenosine. At the same time, we preliminarily explore the molecular mechanism of protective drugs.Methods: In this study, we used 500μM H2O2 treated RGC-5 cells to induce a cellular oxidative stress model. We treated this cell model with four drug monomers: Propylgallate, Curcumin, Gastrodin and Adenosine to find drug monomers with neuroprotective effect. We used apoptosis PCR array to obtain apoptosis related genes regulated by neuroprotective drugs.Results: We found the Propylgallate treated RGC-5 cells had highest survival rate when compared to Curcumin, Gastrodin, Adenosine treated RGC-5 cells.In addition, it had lowest cell cytotoxicity and apoptotic rate when compared to Curcumin, Gastrodin, Adenosine treated RGC-5 cells.Moreover, the expression of ROS in Propylgallate treated RGC-5 cells was lowest when compared to Curcumin, Gastrodin, Adenosine treated RGC-5 cells. We found that Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 are the main target genes of Propylgallate which can preliminarily explain the neuroprotective mechanism of Propylgallate against apoptosis..Conclusion: The present study revealed that the propylgallate has best neuroprotective effects, it may provide a promissing drug to prevent and improve the damage of optic nerve. In this article, we also preliminarily expounded the neuroprotective molecular mechanism of Propylgallate.

Background: Diabetic retinopathy is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and vision loss, it has seriously affect peoples' health. The purpose of this study is to contrast the neuroprotective effects of curcumin, gastrodin, propylgallate, adenosine. At the same time, we preliminarily explore the molecular mechanism of protective drugs.Methods: In this study, we used 500μM H2O2 treated RGC-5 cells to induce a cellular oxidative stress model. We treated this cell model with four drug monomers: Propylgallate, Curcumin, Gastrodin and Adenosine to find drug monomers with neuroprotective effect. We used apoptosis PCR array to obtain apoptosis related genes regulated by neuroprotective drugs.Results: We found the Propylgallate treated RGC-5 cells had highest survival rate when compared to Curcumin, Gastrodin, Adenosine treated RGC-5 cells.In addition, it had lowest cell cytotoxicity and apoptotic rate when compared to Curcumin, Gastrodin, Adenosine treated RGC-5 cells.Moreover, the expression of ROS in Propylgallate treated RGC-5 cells was lowest when compared to Curcumin, Gastrodin, Adenosine treated RGC-5 cells. We found that Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and Caspase-9 are the main target genes of Propylgallate which can preliminarily explain the neuroprotective mechanism of Propylgallate against apoptosis..Conclusion: The present study revealed that the propylgallate has best neuroprotective effects, it may provide a promissing drug to prevent and improve the damage of optic nerve. In this article, we also preliminarily expounded the neuroprotective molecular mechanism of Propylgallate.