Typhoid fever remains endemic in most developing countries with large scale transmission through contaminated food and drinking water. Since 2000s, animal and their products have been found to be a common food source for Typhoidal infections. A total of 90 blood specimens, 45 samples each were collected from abattoir and non-abattoir workers in Akwa Ibom State and were screened for Salmonella species using standard cultural and serological techniques. The overall prevalence rate was 12 (13.3%). Salmonella species were distributed in all the three senatorial districts of the State. Percentage distribution of Salmonella isolates was 3 (3.3%) for Uyo, 4 (4.4%) for Eket and 5 (5.6%) were isolated from Ikot Ekpene districts. Out of 90 human subjects screened, 12 (13.3%) were positive and 5 (5.6%) were isolated from non-abattoir while 7 (7.7%) were isolated from abattoir workers. In this study, serological significant titre of ≥160 of Typhoid fever cases was confirmed by blood culture. According to sero-grouping and source of sample collection 4.4% S. typhi was isolated from abattoir workers followed by S. paratyphi A (3.3%) while S. typhimurium and S. gallinarum (2.2%) and S. enteritidis (1.1%). Increase prevalence of Salmonella serovars such as S. gallinarium, S. typhi, S. Typhimurium and S. enteritidis with regular consumption of slaughter How to cite this paper: Udom, I.A.,

Acute diarrhoea in children under 5 years is a major cause of morbidity worldwide and mortality in developing countries. Recent estimates shows that 516,000 deaths in children less than ve years of age is attributed to adenovirus and rotaviruses caused diarrhoea annually, with 138,000 occurring in sub-Saharan Africa. Rotaviruses have been identied as one of the most frequent causes of infantile diarrhoea second only to adenovirus. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of adenovirus and rotavirus and to establish the sex-specic relatedness of the viruses causing diarrhoea in Akwa Ibom State community in Nigeria. A total of 200 stool samples (182 diarrheic and 18 non- diarrheic) were collected from young children under 5 years from January to June 2017. Samples were obtained from general hospitals visit in randomly selected three senatorial districts in Akwa Ibom State. The samples were screened using commercially available Adenovirus/Rotavirus Antigen Rapid test using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods (ELISA). A total of 200 subjects were screened for adenovirus and rotavirus antibodies, 83 (41.5%) were signicant to the antibodies of the two viruses, 49 (24.5%) and 34 (17%) were positive to Rotavirus and adenovirus respectively. Female subjects were 113 (56.5%) with positive results of 42 (37.2%) and Male 87 (43.5%) with a positive results of 41 (47.1%). Children are constantly exposed to pets both at home and in school which carries these viruses. Among the 83 positive cases 49 (59.0%) and 34 (40.9%) were positive to rotavirus and adenovirus antibodies respectively. Children under 36 to 48 months shows high prevalence of 23 (11.5%) and 24 (12.0%) rate followed by 60 and 24months with 18 (9.00%) and 13 (6.5%) positive and low occurrence among 0-12 months subjects with 5 (2.5%) cases, this is due to the current practice of exclusive breast feeding by nursing mothers, the high percentage of infection is as a results of environmental climate, mother immune system mix feeding and inadequate balanced diet taken in by the nursing mothers. In this study, Akwa Ibom State three senatorial districts were signicantly associated with adenovirus and rotavirus diarrheic infection. These include identifying the target population for adenovirus and rotavirus vaccination, educating parents on how to identify and recognize the signs of dehydration and other symptoms of viral gastroenteritis.