Penelitian Analisis vegetasi gulma di tiga kabupaten di sumatera utara yang telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret 2019 dengan meggunakan Alat square ukuran 50 x 50 cm dari hasil penelitian dengan menghitung nilai SDR (Summed Dominance Ratio) menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jagung Kabupaten Simalungun Menunjukkan nilai SDR yang dominan gulma Ageratum conyzoides (61.17%), Deli Serdang gulma Cyperus esculentus (30,15%) dan Karo jenis gulma Imperata cylindrica (27,66%). Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan jenis gulma pada tanaman jagung untuk kabupaten Simalungun dan deli serdang menunjukkan jenis gulma yang sama berdaun lebar (Broad leaves) sedangkan kabupaten karo menunjukkan gulma alang-alang (Grasses).

Henderson-Hasselbach equation (the basic calculation for Base Excess/BE and Anion Gap/AG), lactate concentration and Stewart modified equation (Base Defisit/Excess gap (BDE gap ) and Strong Ion Gap (SIG)) are the parameters frequently used by clinicians in order to determine the severity of metabolic acidosis in critically ill patients. The state of metabolic acidosis correlates significantly with poor outcome (mortality). Different methods were used to diagnose metabolic acidosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between acid-base balance parameters (BE, AG observed , AG calculated , SIG, BDE gap ) and lactate concentration with the outcome in critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis. This study is an analytic study with cross-sectional design involving 70 critically ill patients admitted ICU (Intensive Care Unit) of M. Djamil Central Hospital Padang. The study was conducted from January-September, 2016. Blood gas analysis was measured with potentiometric and amperometric method, electrolytes level was measured with ISE (Ion selective electrode) method and albumin level was measured with a colorimetric method (Bromocresol green/BCG). Multi variate analysis with logistic regression was used to determine which acid-base balance parameters strongly correlates with patient outcome based on odd ratio value more than 1 (OR>1). There were 33 male patients (47%) and 37 female patients (53%). Their ages varied in the range 18-81 years-old (SD 46.3±17.9) and mostly post operative (87%). The mortality rate reached the number of 33%. Logistic regression analysis showed the OR value for BE, AG observed , AG calculated , SIG, BDE gap and lactate were 0.859 (95% CI, 0.692-1.065), 0.628 (95% CI, 0.447-0.881), 1.470 (95% CI, 0.001-1.596), 0.892 (95% CI, 0.486-1.639), 1.785 (95% CI, 1.267-2.514) and 1.01 (95% CI, 0.10-1.96), respectively. All of the acid-base balance parameters and lactate concentration measured were correlated with the outcome of critically ill patients with metabolic acidosis and strong ion gap (SIG) is the best predictor of outcome in these patients.

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<p>Derajat keparahan infeksi dengue dipengaruhi oleh sistem imun pejamu. Kerja sistem imun dipengaruhi oleh imunomodulator, salah satunya vitamin D. Kadar Vitamin D berbeda pada derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D serum dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian cross sectional terhadap 32 pasien yang didiagnosis infeksi dengue di RSI Siti Rahmah Padang. Sampel dipilih dengan metode consecutive sampling. Kadar 25-hidroksi<br />vitamin D serum diukur menggunakan metode ELISA. Derajat keparahan infeksi dengue terbagi menjadi demam dengue dan demam berdarah dengue, berdasarkan kadar albumin serum yang diukur dengan metode<br />kolorimetri. Analisis hasil penelitian secara univariat dan bivariat dengan menggunakan uji t. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan rerata kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D serum infeksi dengue 23,09±11,39 ng/mL. Derajat keparahan<br />infeksi dengue lebih banyak demam dengue (84,4%). Kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D lebih tinggi pada demam berdarah dengue (30,41±11,82ng/mL). Tidak terdapat hubungan antara kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D dengan<br />derajat keparahan infeksi dengue. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa tidak ada hubungan antara<br />kadar 25-hidroksi vitamin D serum dengan derajat keparahan infeksi dengue</p>

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes immune system dysregulation and an exaggerated systemic inflammatory response. Vitamin D acts as an immunomodulator that enhances the immunity defense. Low levels of vitamin D affect the severity of COVID-19 infection. This study aims to determine vitamin D levels in hospitalized and non-hospitalized COVID-19 patients. A case-control study was conducted involving 62 COVID-19 patients, equally divided into hospitalized and non-hospitalized groups at RSUP dr. M. Djamil, Padang from February to September 2020. Serum vitamin D levels were measured using the Chemiluminescent Microparticle Immunoassay. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as a level less than 20 ng/mL. The hospitalized group consisted of moderate to critical COVID-19 patients, whereas the non-hospitalized group consisted of the asymptomatic and mild COVID-19 patients according to the Indonesian Ministry of Health Guidelines. All data were analyzed using a T-test and Chi-square with a significant p-value of 0.05. The results showed that most subjects were women between 21–60 years. The mean level of vitamin D (ng/mL) in the hospitalized group was lower than in the non-hospitalized group (15.5 ± 7.72 vs. 19.2 ± 14.30; 95% CI -9.509–2.167; p=0.213). Vitamin D deficiency affected hospitalized group more than the non-hospitalized group, but not statistically significant (71% vs. 64.5%, p=0.566). It indicated the role of vitamin D in preventing immune system hyperactivation causing COVID-19 cytokine storm. This study concluded no difference in vitamin D levels among the study groups. Nevertheless, further research on vitamin D is needed to determine its role and benefits against COVID-19 infection.