This study-examined the extent of adoption of competitor focused accounting (CFA) in selected manufacturing firms listed on Nigerian Stock Exchange with a view to establishing whether there are differences in financial performance of the firms. The study is descriptive in nature and uses survey techniques. Accordingly, two-hundred and twenty four (224) key respondents in the Nigerian manufacturing industry were surveyed. This is complimented with secondary data collected from annual accounts and reports of fifty six (56) manufacturing companies listed in the Nigerian stock exchange. In addition to descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (F- Ratio) and scheffes’ (fs) test were used in analyzing collected data. The result of the study revealed that 14 companies representing (25%) were non-adopters of competitor focused accounting methods, 36 (64.3%) were partial adopters while 6 (10.7%) were full adopters. In addition, the mean financial performance of full adopters of CFA methods was 25.1 greater than that of partial adopters and also 45.71 greater than non-adopters. This shows a large difference. On the other hand, partial adopters’ mean financial performance was 20.61 greater than that of non adopters of CFA methods. However, this study proves that the practice of CFA in Nigerian manufacturing companies is still below average and the necessity to improve this situation is the current challenge. Manufacturing firms in Nigeria should give priority to strategic management accounting and it sub-divisions especially CFA in other to enhance its competitive edge over competitors.

Internal auditors play crucial role in ensuring, accountability, probity and governance of public sector entities. However, the effective performance of such duties would depend on the challenges faced by internal auditors in public sector institutions. The objective of this study is therefore to examine the challenges faced by internal auditors in public sector audit in southeastern , Nigeria. The study shall specifically examine whether independence of internal auditors, compliance with set out rules and regulations of public fund management and, improper segregation of duties pose a challenge to internal auditors of public sector entities. The study adopted the survey research design. The population of the study was drawn from accountants and auditors in the offices of the Accountant-General and Auditor-General of Anambra State. The study employed Independent-Samples Mann-Whitney U Test technique in testing the formulated hypotheses. The study finds out that while independence and the compliance with set out rules and regulations of public fund management pose a challenge to internal auditors of public sector entities, however, that improper segregation of duties does not pose a challenge to internal auditors of public sector entities. The

Purpose of the article: The purpose of this paper is to consider why firms find it challenging to adopt environmental accounting. The authors argue that environmental accounting is one of the important vehicles corporate bodies utilize in communicating with the external world. With the increase in complexities of the business world, the role of environmental information has been gradually increasing for making economic decision. Methodology/methods: The research is exploratory in nature and only considers a small subset of Nigerian firms. However, several firms may be faced with varied challenges of adopting environmental accounting. The authors used four hundred (400) questionnaires and data obtained from the field survey was analyzed using t-values. Scientific aim: The paper examined the adoption challenges of environmental accounting among Nigerian firms. Findings: The study found that lack of environmental awareness by employees, shortage of environmental information and higher adaptation costs hinders environmental accounting adoption in Nigeria. Moreover, there are no clear-cut guidelines of environmental accounting on issues such as environmental costs, assets, liabilities, recognition and measurement of such costs. Conclusions: Government and accounting regulatory bodies should play more active role in the development of environmental accounting and reporting guidelines by making it reliable and relevant to users. As a matter of fact, there should be a deadline imposed on Nigerian companies to fully adopt and implement environmental reporting guidelines. In addition, employees should be trained on environmental reporting techniques.

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Purpose of the article: The cost of ensuring national security is very high, but measuring this cost has received little attention. One way of reacording and ascertaining the financial resources expended on national security is via Peace Accounting. Peace Accounting is an innovative idea that is taking a firm root in Nigeria and the world over. Peace accounting deals with ascertaining and reporting the financial resources accompanying domestic violence such as insecurity, political violence, insurgency, militancy, economic predicament, corruption and all other costs associated with national security. Methodology/methods: Secondary data were obtained from the Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin and the International Monetary Fund Cross Country Macroeconomic Statistics from 1996-2015. Ordinary Least Square estimation technique was employed in analyzing the data and analysis performed via SPSS. Scientific aim: This paper gauged the costs of peace accounting and its implication for national security in Nigeria. Findings: The study found that expenditure on internal security, cost of peace keeping and gross fixed capital formation are dynamics of peace accounting. Furthermore, cost of peace keeping is statistically significant except that expenditure on internal security and gross fixed capital formation were statistically flawed. Expenditure on internal security has negative impact on GPI. Conclusions: On the basis of the above, we recommend among others that countries like Nigeria faced with security challenges should engage professionals/experts that can help develop peace accounting models aimed at measuring the cost of peace. Also, special attention should be paid to expenditure on internal security since it has negative effect on GPI.