Background: C3 glomerulopathy (C3GP) is a recently identified and described disease that has a high risk of progressing into end-stage renal disease. We aimed to evaluate the effects of various immunosuppressive regimens on C3GP progression because there are conflicting data on the treatment modalities. Methods: In this retrospective study of 66 patients with C3GP, 27 patients received mycophenolate mofetil (MMF)-based treatment, 23 received non-MMF-based treatment (prednisolone or cyclophosphamide), and 16 received conservative care. The study groups were compared with each other with specific focus on primary outcomes defined as (1) kidney failure and (2) estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline ≥50% from the baseline value. Results: Overall, 17 (25.8%) patients reached the primary outcome after a median period of 28 months. The number of patients who reached the primary outcome were similar among the study groups (MMF-based: 8/27 [29.6%], non-MMF-based: 4/23 [17.4%], and conservative care: 5/16 [31.3%], p = 0.520). In the Cox regression analysis, age (HR 0.912, p = 0.006), eGFR (HR 0.945, p = 0.001), and proteinuria levels (HR 1.418, p = 0.015) at the time of biopsy, percentage of crescentic (HR 1.035, p = 0.001) and sclerotic glomeruli (HR 1.041, p = 0.006), severity of interstitial fibrosis (HR 1.981, p = 0.048), as well as no remission of proteinuria (HR 2.418, p = 0.002) predicted the primary outcome. Conclusion: Although patients receiving immunosuppressive treatments had higher proteinuria and lower serum albumin at baseline, there were no differences between these patients and those receiving conservative care alone in proteinuria remission or in the decline of renal function. Younger age, higher proteinuria, lower eGFR, and the presence of crescentic and sclerotic glomeruli, severity of interstitial fibrosis, and no remission of proteinuria predicted the progression of kidney disease.

Key Clinical MessageNew PET‐positive lesions in previously treated patients with lymphomatous malignancies need further investigations. Relapse, sarcoidosis and secondary malignancies are the most important differential diagnosis. Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) is a rare complication after treatment of Hodgkin's disease and every PET‐positive lesion should be biopsied to prevent unnecessary intervention.

Background and Aim: Activation induced cytidine deaminase (AID) enables antibody diversity in B lymphocytes. It may also have an effect on MDS pathogenesis by causing somatic mutations and by inducing epigenetic changes in myeloid cells. This study aimed to compare AID expression of MDS patients with healthy controls, of MDS patients in different risk groups and of MDS patients according to their treatment.Materials and Methods: Total RNA was isolated and complementary DNA (cDNA) was transcribed from the peripheral blood samples of MDS patients and healthy controls. AID and the reference gene HPRT1 were analysed using Quantitative Real-time PCR(QRT-PCR). AID expression relative to HPRT1 was calculated. Patients were classified into "lower risk" and "higher risk" subgroups according to their initial IPSS and IPSS-R scores and their MDS subtypes at the time of study. Patients were also divided into two groups based on receiving treatment with hypomethylating agents. AID expression of different groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test.Results: Thirty MDS patients and thirty healthy controls were included. AID expression in MDS patients was significantly higher compared to healthy controls (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in AID expression of "lower risk" and "higher risk" subgroups of patients. Patients that received hypomethylating agents did not have a significant difference in AID expression compared with patients that did not receive hypomethylating agents. Conclusion:AID expression is increased in the peripheral blood of MDS patients compared to healthy controls. However, AID expression is not significantly different in "lower risk" and "higher risk" subgroups and in patients treated with hypomethylating agents. Increased AID expression may be an early step in MDS pathogenesis.

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A-I Clinical Science of Nutrition (Cli Sci Nutr) is the peer-reviewed, not-for-profit, open access, scholarly, online only publication of the Society of Clinical Enteral Parenteral Nutrition-Turkey. The journal is published tri-annually in April, August, and December and its publication language is English. The journal aims to contribute to the literature by publishing high impact content and become one of the leading publications of the field while functioning as an open discussion forum on significant issues of current interest. Clinical Science of Nutrition also aims to have significant input in emphasizing the increasing importance of clinical nutrition in Turkey and the region, identifying the effects of differences between societies on study results in a clearer way and converting clinical applications into scientific publications as well as forming a bridge between West and East. The scope of Clinical Science of Nutrition includes original research articles, review articles, case reports, conference reports, and letters to the editor as well as editorials, abstracts from international and national congresses, panel meetings, conferences and symposia. As an online-only publication, in addition to traditional manuscript submissions, Clinical Science of Nutrition is also able to process video, audio and interactive software submissions. Authors, are encouraged to submit their content in the most appropriate medium to best convey their findings to the audience of Clinical Science of Nutrition. The journal covers all aspects of nutrition and dietetics including prevalence of malnutrition and its effects on clinical results; nutritional support and delivery methods and their advantages and disadvantages; nutritional support products and their side effects; immune system and nutritional support; ERAS protocol and nutritional support; home parenteral and enteral nutrition; nutrition support teams and their necessity, challenges and potential solutions of nutritional support. The journal's target audience includes academicians, practitioners, specialists and students interested in nutrition and dietetics.