This paper deals with thermo‐solutal convection by the oriented fins inside a cavity mobilized by a nanofluid. The three fins are located horizontally in the cavity's center surrounded by a rotating square shape. ISPH method carries the circular rotation of the embedded square shape over the oriented fins. Three distinct thermal/solutal conditions of an inner shape including adiabatic (C1), hot (C2), and cold (C3) are conducted. The configurations of the oriented fins in improving thermo‐solutal convection are investigated. It is indicated that the expanded fins length supports the rate of heat/mass transfer and delivers a greater overall heat/mass transfer. The lower nanofluid velocity is found at an expanded fins length, adding extra nanoparticles, extra Hartmann number, and cold condition (C3). Adding extra nanoparticles to 20% slows down the nanofluid velocity by 55.28% Increasing the Soret number to two enhances the nanofluid velocity by 69.47%. The circular rotation of an inner shape changes the patterns of nanofluid movements and circulations of temperature and concentration within a cavity. The magnetic field is working effectively at an extra Hartmann number for shrinking the nanofluid velocity and declines the heat/mass transmission in a cavity.

This study presents numerical simulations on double-diffusive flow of a nanofluid in two cavities connected with four vertical gates. Novel shape of an outer square shape mounted on a square cavity by four gates was used. Heterogeneous porous media and Al 2 O 3 -water nanofluid are filled in an inner cavity. Outer rectangle shape is filled with a nanofluid only, and its left walls carry high temperature T h and high concentration C h . The right walls of a rectangle shape carry low temperature T c and low concentration C c and the other walls are adiabatic. An incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is applied for solving the governing equations of velocities, temperature, and concentration. Results are introduced for the effects of a buoyancy ratio − 2 ≤ N ≤ 2 , Darcy parameter 10 − 3 ≤ Da ≤ 10 − 5 , solid volume fraction 0 ≤ ϕ ≤ 0.05 , and porous levels. Main results are indicated in which the buoyancy ratio parameter adjusts the directions of double-diffusive convection flow in an outer shape and inner cavity. Adding more concentration of nanoparticles reduces the flow speed and maximum of the velocity field. Due to the presence of a porous medium layer in an inner cavity, the Darcy parameter has slight changes inside the rectangle shape.

The numerical simulations of the uniform circular rotation of paddles on circular cylinder results natural convection flow of Al2O3-water in a cross-shaped porous cavity were performed by incompressible representation of smoothed particle hydrodynamics entitled ISPH method. The two vertical area of a cross-shaped cavity is saturated with homogeneous porous media and the whole horizontal area of a cross-shaped cavity is saturated with heterogeneous porous media. The inner paddles on the circular cylinder are rotating around their center by a uniform circular velocity. The whole embedded body of paddles on a circular cylinder has temperature Th. The wall-sides of a cross-shaped cavity are positioned at a temperature Tc. The current geometry can be applied in analysis and understanding the thermophysical behaviors of the electronic motors. The angular velocity is taken as ! = 7:15 and consequently the natural convection case is only considered due to the low speed of inner rotating shape. The performed simulations are represented in the graphical for the temperature distributions, velocity fields and tabular forms for average Nusselt number. The results revealed that an augmentation on paddle length rises the heat transfer and speed of fluid flow inside a cross shaped cavity. Also, an incrementation on Rayleigh number augments the heat transfer and speed of the fluid flow inside a cross-shaped cavity. The fluid flow is circulated only around the rotating inner shape when Darcy parameter decreases to Da = 105. Average Nusselt number Nu enhances by an increment on the paddle lengths and nanoparticles volume fraction