Introduction: It was to compare the efficacy of semiannually fluoride varnish application versus pit and fissure sealant to reduce occlusal caries incidence. Materials and methods: A randomized parallel designed study was conducted with 352 children aged 6-7 years. Participants were allocated into biannual application of varnish (n=179) (NaF 5 %(Durafluor, DENTSPLY®, Latin America) or resin-based fissure sealant (n=173) (Eco Seal, Korea®) single application without previous tooth preparation. Two visual-tactile methods including WHO and Nyvad criteria were used for caries detection. The unit of analysis was tooth surface. χ2 test, t-test, Fisher exact, and multivariable logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results: Proportion of caries free (DMF=0) were 79.8% and 79.1% among the sealant and varnish groups respectively. By using Nyvad visualtactile criteria 60.4% and 50.2% of surfaces remained sound in sealant and varnish groups respectively (p < 0.001). The prevented fraction of sealant to varnish by two measures was 3.46 and 20.5 respectively. Regression model showed sealant application (OR=0.34) and tooth brushing >2 times/day (OR=0.8) were protective factors while dmfs>4(OR=0.08), and snack consumption >2 times/day (OR=1.3) were risk factors of caries incidence. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that semiannual fluoride varnish application can be recommended for preventing and reducing occlusal caries in low caries risk population.

BackgroundConcentrations of plasma lipids levels during pregnancy clearly increases. According to some studies, dyslipidemia is effective in the incidence of preeclampsia and insulin resistance. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationship between hyperlipidemia and maternal and neonatal outcomes in pregnant women.Materials and MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study which was conducted on two groups of pregnant women with hyperlipidemia and normal ones to assess maternal and neonatal outcomes. Maternal data including gestational age, mother's age, body mass index, and maternal weight gain during pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, cholestasis, and delivery method. Also, birth weight and Apgar score were gathered as the neonatal outcomes.Results The results showed that the prevalence of abnormal lipid parameters increased with increasing gestational age. In pregnant women with dyslipidemia in combination with increased triglyceride, cholesterol and Low-density lipoprotein, and decreased High-density lipoprotein, the incidence rates of gestational diabetes (p < 0.001), preeclampsia (p < 0.001), cholestasis (p = 0.041), fetal growth retardation (p < 0.001), and macrosomia (p < 0.001) were statistically higher.ConclusionDyslipidemia was associated with some adverse effects of pregnancy and harmful fetal outcomes. Therefore, it seems that adding laboratory assessment of lipid profiles before and during pregnancy can be effective in early diagnosis of dyslipidemia.

The use of mobile applications in chronic disease management has grown significantly over the past decade. When properly designed, these apps provide a convenient, safe, high-quality service to patients. In this study, a health management app was developed, and its usability among patients with diabetes mellitus was examined. A convenience sample of 136 patients, referred to two academic centers from December 2016 to July 2017, was enrolled. Upon completion of informed consent, the participants were asked to install the app on their smartphone. Two weeks later, they were required to complete a postapplication usability questionnaire, comprising 21 questions classified into six domains. The response rate was 89%. The highest scores were given for “ease of use and learnability”; the lowest-scored domains were “interaction quality” and “reliability.” Urban residents, participants with lower educational qualifications, and retirees were significantly more satisfied with the app. Overall, patients with diabetes mellitus perceived the app as useful for disease management. However, the overall usability of health apps is expected to improve when a multidisciplinary team (health professionals, computer engineers, art designers) is involved in the development process.

Overhang refers to the extension of restoration material from the cavity. It has an important role in decay, plaque accumulation and periodontal disease, so the aim of this study is determining the frequency of restoration overhang in patients in Anzali, Guilan. Materials and methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was completed using 293 patients who visited for routine checkups. The overhangs were examined on the basis of the cavity type, restoration type, tooth location, and age by direct observation using an explorer, dental floss. After the initial diagnosis of the overhang, the radiographic reports were examined for final confirmation. Results: 41.2%, 0%, 18.2%, and 38.1% were observed in cavity classes II, III, IV, and V, respectively. 35.8%, 38.2%, 28.1%, and 25% were observed in mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual regions, respectively. The highest rate of overhang frequency in the first molar teeth was 50% and the lowest overhang amount occurred in the lateral and canine teeth at 25% and 27.3%, respectively. Most amalgam restorations had overhang (37.7%) and the highest amount of overhang was in the upper jaw (42.5%). The highest amount of overhang frequency was observed on the left (41.6%). There was no significant difference in overhang frequency between men and women. The lowest and highest amounts of overhang were observed in the age groups of <30 (26.9%) and 30-39 (47.8%), respectively, and was found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The overall frequency of restoration overhang was 36.6%, most of which was in class II amalgam restoration in the left first molar teeth in 30-39 year-olds.