These findings suggested that mu rhythm was a good biomarker neither for nurses' self-reported empathy nor for patients' satisfaction. In addition, it was manifested that patients' satisfaction, at least partly, depended on skills that nurses could learn, since showing empathy is highly learnable.

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Background:Nurse’s empathy is one of the major parameters to improve the quality of provided health care known for the patient and it has a significant effect on reducing physical and psychological symptoms in patients. However, it has shown that over time and by increasing the background of nurses, their empathy is reducing. However, there is no research to investigate the Mu Suppression that is an indicator of the performance of mirror neurons that is a basis of empathy sense in the brain. So, the aim of this study is to investigate the difference between reported empathy and Mu suppression among nurses with three years of work background.Methods:So, a total of 39 male nurse were chosen by available sampling that 15 of them has about 3 years working experience more than other’s 15 people, Data collection tool was empathy questionnaire of Jefferson’s health professionals. Mirror neurons’ activation was investigated by Mu suppression. So, EEG was recorded in three situations including: 1) watching a video of a motionless hand, 2) watching a video of a hand that is opening and closing and 3) moving their own hand.Results:The results of MANOVA analysis indicated that although Mu suppression among nurses with more background is less, but this difference is not significant. Also, there is no significant difference between the reported empathy scores by nurses among two groupsConclusions:These results indicate that three years of work experience don’t have an effect on empathy reduction.

To keep cognitive impairment at a minimum, methadone dose and treatment duration will have to be customized considering the history of opiate abuse so that impairment attributable to long-term opiate use may be differentiated from acute methadone dosing.

SummaryAim: To investigate the effect of cognitive restructuring training on neurocognitive functions related to the prefrontal cortex in opioid addicts and its relationship to relapse prevention. Method:Thirty opioid addicts who completed a 21-day detoxification program were randomly placed in experimental and control groups. Before and after the training, the subjects underwent urinalysis and were tested on the Addiction-Stroop Task, Iowa Gambling Task, Wisconsin Card Sorting test and Emotion Recognition Scale.Results: Decision-making and emotion recognition were improved after the training course, but no significant difference was observed in attention bias, cognitive flexibility and relapse. Conclusions:Cognitive restructuring training and improvement of some neuropsychological functions are not enough to prevent relapse, and attention bias and cognitive flexibility should be adjusted.cognitive restructuring/neurocognitive function/addiction/relapse