[1] Analysis of short-term deformation along the southern part of Dead Sea Fault (DSF) provides a systematic view of kinematics this part of the continental transform. The southern DSF consists of two principal segments: the Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults. In addition to other regional continuous GPS data, this study uses new data from 25 survey sites and 4 continuous GPS stations in Jordan for improved near-field observations. Resulting velocities are reported with 1-s uncertainties ranging from 0.4-1.0 mm/yr. Application of elastic dislocation models yields estimates of slip rates for Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults are 4.9 ± 0.4 mm/yr and 4.7 ± 0.4 mm/yr, respectively. Modeling also suggests different depths of effective fault locking with 15 ± 5 km and 8 ± 5 km for the Wadi Araba and Jordan Valley faults, respectively. These slip rates are generally consistent with the upper end of the range of slip rates estimated from late Quaternary geology. Spatial variations in effective fault locking generally correspond with a heterogeneous mantle lithosphere. A similar observation can be observed along the southern San Andreas Fault, and this may reflect the influence of heterogeneity in the uppermost mantle on crustal faulting processes.
The oil shale exploration program in Jordan is undertaking great activity in the domain of applied geophysical methods to evaluate bitumen‐bearing rock. In the study area, the bituminous marl or oil shale exhibits a rock type dominated by lithofacies layers composed of chalky limestone, marls, clayey marls, and phosphatic marls. The study aims to present enhancements for oil shale seam detection using progressive interpretation from a one‐dimensional inversion to a three‐dimensional modelling and inversion of ground‐based transient electromagnetic data at an area of stressed geological layers. The geophysical survey combined 58 transient electromagnetic sites to produce geoelectrical structures at different depth slices, and cross sections were used to characterise the horizon of the most likely sites for mining oil shale. The results show valuable information on the thickness of the oil shale seam at 3.7 Ωm, which is correlated to the geoelectrical layer between 2‐ and 4 ms transient time delays, and at depths ranging between 85 and 105 m. The 300 m penetrated depth of the transient electromagnetic soundings allows the resolution of the main geological units at narrow resistivity contrast and the distinction of the main geological structures that constrain the detection of the oil shale seam. This geoelectrical layer at different depth slices illustrates a localised oil shale setting and can be spatially correlated with an area bounded by fold and fault systems. Also, three‐dimensional modelling and inversion for synthetic and experimental data are introduced at the faulted area. The results show the limitations of oil shale imaging at a depth exceeding 130 m, which depends on the near‐surface resistivity layer, the low resistivity contrast of the main lithological units, and the degree of geological detail achieved at a suitable model's misfit value.
This study aims to determine seismic hazard in Aqaba city which is located in the southern part of Jordan at the Gulf of Aqaba. Nineteen active seismic area sources are considered in this study. The seismic sources within a circle of 300 km radius covering the faults to determine the Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) and Response Spectra curves for different return periods (475, 975, and 2475 years) for nine selected sites in Aqaba city was considered. These nine sites represent different soil profiles of the city. It is resulted that 95% of the seismic hazard of the studied area is due to the sources lies within the influence circle (i.e., 300 km). The calculated PGA value for 10% of being exceeded in 50 years (i.e., return period=475 years) is 0.3g, meanwhile it is considered in the Jordan Building Code for Seismic Resisting Design (JBC) as 0.2g. Furthermore, the PGA for 5 % (return period=975 years) and 2% (return period=2475 years) are 0.45g and 0.52g, respectively. The results for soil profiles hard rock (SA), and stiff soil (SD) for periods 0, 0.2, and 1 second were 0.3g, 0.7g, 0.2g, and 0.35g, 0.79g, 0.2g (for return period of 475 years) respectively. It is noted that the maximum spectral acceleration is 0.87g at Aqaba southern coast for stiff soil profile, while its minimum value is 0.7g at the northern part of Aqaba for stiff soil profile for return period 475 years.
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