The present study aims to study the correlation between visfatin levels and metabolic syndrome in Iraqi obese adolescence (with and without metabolic syndrome) and its relation with other studied biochemical parameters. Sixty obese adolescences were depended in this study (with and without metabolic syndrome), compared with (30) non-obese children as control group. This study was done in the period from April 2020 until the end of December 2020, in the National Diabetes Centre/Mustansiriya University, Baghdad/Iraq. There were no significant differences in age, height, waist circumferences (WC), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in the patients' groups. In contrast, a significant increase differs (p<0.05) was recorded in the values of both weights, body mass index, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and fasting blood sugar in the adolescent group with metabolic syndrome compared with the adolescent group without metabolic syndrome. The study results showed a highly significant increase difference (P<0.001) to the levels of insulin, homo stasis assessment insulin resistance, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein, and visfatin in patients' groups when compared with control group. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome between adolescence in developing countries is rising, and this is largely driven by increasing obesity rates. Elevated serum visfatin level in adolescence with metabolic syndrome when compared without metabolic syndrome and give a positive correlation between visfatin level with metabolic syndrome factors in adolescence, therefore, visfatin may be considered a risk indicator for heart diseases and diabetes in these individuals in old age.

Background: Diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis are two common medical disorders that are becoming more common as the population ages. T2DM patients have a higher fracture hazard, having a high BMD, which is primarily due to the raise hazard of falling. Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is one of the hematopoietic growth factor family, and It plays an important function in fracture repair by attracting stem cells to the fracture site and influencing the production of hard calluses by promoting osteoclast genesis. Aims of study: The purpose of this research was to assess the blood level of macrophage colony-stimulating factor in Iraqi osteoporotic patients with and without type 2 diabetes. in addition, that M-CSF may be a predictive marker for osteoporosis in T2DM patients Subjects & Methods: This study was conducted between October 2021 to March 2022 in Medical City of Baghdad Teaching Hospital. The current study included 92 individuals (females and males) aged 40-65 years’ old, 67 of them are patients and 25 as a control. The lumber spine's bone mineral density was determined using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)scan to diagnose these patients. Patients divided into (20) person as T2DM patients, (27) person as osteoporosis patients, and (20) as osteoporosis patients with T2DM Results: The current study showed an important increase in serum M-CSF of osteoporosis patients with and without T2DM groups when compared with control, also, there was no significance increase in M-CSF level in T2DM patients comparing with control. Also, there was an important negative relation between M-CSF and bone mineral density (BMD) In osteoporosis patients, there was a substantial positive connection between M-CSF, FBS, and HbA1C. Conclusions: The current study demonstrated that serum macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) levels was significantly elevated in osteoporosis patients with and without T2DM, Therefore, this parameter may be a diagnostic marker for osteoporotic patients. In addition, that diabetic patients may be prone to osteoporosis, and M-CSF may be a predictive biochemical marker for development of osteoporosis in type 2 diabetic patients. Keywords: Macrophage colony-stimulating factor, Osteoporosis, bone mineral density, Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The current study aimed to determine bone formation markers ( osteocalcin and bone alkaline phosphatase) as biomarkers for diagnosis the patients with diabetic neuropathy (DN) and to find the relationship between these markers and dyslipidemia in Iraqi patients with diabetic neuropathy, and if these patients are more prone to the risk of atherosclerosis disease.Subjects & Methods: in this study, blood were obtained from 25 healthy individuals as a control group (G1), 25 diabetic patients with dyslipidemia as a group (G2), and 25 diabetic patients without dyslipidemia as a group (G3). Age range (45-65) years for all subjects.Patients were attended in the National Diabetes Center / AL-Mustansiriya University/Baghdad. Serum was frozen until used for the analysis of fasting blood glucose ( FBG), osteocalcin (Ocn) , bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP), triglyceride (TG), cholesterol (Ch), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-ch), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-ch) , and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-ch). Glycated haemoglobin (HbA1C) is determined in all blood.Results: the results showed a highly significant increase in FBG,HbA1C, Ocn and BALP in G2 and G3 when compare with G1, and a significant difference in lipids levels between two patients groups and control. There is a significant negative correlation between serum Ocn and BALP. Serum Ocn and ALP level concentrations were independently and highly positively correlated with TG,VLDL-ch, and AIP ratio. Conclusions: Ocn and BALP were further increased in DN with complications and poor glycemic control. The AIP ratio was highly significant increased in DN patients with and without dyslipidemia comparing with control ,therefore, these patients are more prone to the risk of atherosclerosis disease.

This study is planned to find relationship between interleukin-33 (IL-33) with its receptor interleukin-1 receptor 4 (IL-1R4), and assurance IL-33/IL-1R4 proportion as biomarker to atherosclerosisin rheumatoid arthritis (RA) Iraqi females patients with and without dyslipidemia. This study was attempted at Baghdad Teaching Hospital included 60 females patients with RA that were isolated into: 30 patients with dyslipidemia(G2), 30 patients without dyslipidemia(G3) and 30 individual as control group (G1) .Patients were experiencing treatment by methortexiene medication, analyzed by rheumatoid factor(RF) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate( ESR) tests. All patients and control groups age ranged from (30-55) years. The results show an increase in ESR, RF, IL-33, and IL-1R4 levels. In addition to decrease in IL-33/IL-1R4 ratio in the two patients groups when contrasted and control group. The momentum examine inferred that the level of ESR, and  IL-33 in RA Iraqi females  patients with dyslipidemia were higher than that in RA Iraqi females patients without dyslipidemia, while the level of IL-33/IL-1R4 ratio in RA Iraqi females patients with dyslipidemia was lower than that in RA Iraqi females patients without dyslipidemia patients; in this manner the IL-33/IL-1R4 ratio may be used as a biomarker in diagnostic early porn to atherosclerosis in RA females patients with dyslipidemia