No abstract

BackgroundInfections caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing bacteria become an emerging problem in the community setting in many parts of the world.ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to determine fecal carriage of ESBL-producing organisms in a community setting.MethodsA total of 632 fecal specimens from healthy individuals were screened for ESBL using the agar screening test with MacConkey agar plates supplemented with 1 μg/mL of cefotaxime for selection of ESBL-producing strains and confirmed by the Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute combined disk method.ResultsFour hundred isolates (63.3%) were ESBL producers. Two hundred eighty-five isolates (71.25%) of them were Escherichia coli and 96 (24.0%) Klebsiella pneumoniae.ConclusionWe concluded that the community could be a reservoir of these ESBL-producing bacteria and enzymes.

To estimate the incidence and risk factors of surgical site infections, to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern among the organisms isolated and to assess the ability of our protocol for preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent surgical site infections (SSI), a prospective SSI surveillance in Cairo University hospital using the criteria of the Centers for Disease Control of elective procedures, 881 patients were recruited in six months. Data of surgical procedures, and preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis were collected. Patients were followed up for 30 days after surgery. The incidence of SSI infections was 9.2%. A significant increase was associated with a prolonged preoperative hospital stay, prolonged surgery, contaminated wounds and presence of the drain. The most common organism was Staphylococcus aureus (24.3%) then Klebsiella pneumonia (18.5%). MRSA constituted 68% of S. aureus, ESBL-producing Gram negative bacilli 41.8% and multidrug-resistant 25.4%. This is an insight to risk factors associated with SSI, the causative pathogens and their sensitivity in our hospital that can help in updating the preoperative antimicrobial prophylaxis.

Background Diarrhoea is still a major public health issue in developing countries, and it is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in children. We aimed to assess the use of a multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay for the detection of five viruses, including rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups 1 and 2), astrovirus, and adenovirus, responsible for gastroenteritis in children under 5 years old in primary care centres in Upper Egypt. Subjects and methods A total of 500 stool samples were collected. Fifty samples were randomly selected for viral examination using multiplex RT-PCR for the detection of rotavirus, norovirus (genogroups 1 and 2), astrovirus, and adenovirus, causing diarrhoea. Results Viruses were detected in 45 (90%) of the 50 stool samples. The most frequently identified virus was norovirus G2, followed by Group A rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus. Mixed infection by two and three viruses was observed in 7/50 cases (14%) and 2/50 cases (4%), respectively. Norovirus G1 was not detected in the samples examined. Conclusion Our study reveals that multiplex PCR allows for the detection of multiple viral targets in only one reaction, rendering the assay easier to perform compared to existing testing methodologies (RT-PCR and electron microscopy). Additionally, most of the viruses were detected in summer, and the highest prevalence was in the age group less than 1 year. Norovirus G2 and rotavirus were the most frequent agents and the most common coinfections responsible for gastroenteritis in children.

No abstract