Introduction: Obstructive sleep apnea is a condition characterized by frequent respiratory pauses lasting ≥ 10 seconds, accompanied by desaturation/reoxygenation cycles and repetitive arousals triggered by complete (apnea) or partial (hypopnea) cessation of airflow during sleep. Objective: To determine the prevalence and to assess the respiratory and anthropometric parameters of patients with obstructive sleep apnea in Vale do São Francisco area. Methods: This is a descriptive, cross-sectional study using secondary data collected from 466 patients between June 2015 and June 2017. Patients who underwent home polysomnography were included while those who did not perform the lung function test and/or failed to present a medical report were excluded. Results: Obstructive sleep apnea was observed in 79.2% (n = 126) of the patients enrolled. Cases with greater severity were observed in males and were more prevalent among those aged 60 years or above. Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (P = 0.006) and forced vital capacity (P = 0.001) decreased with increased obstructive sleep apnea severity. Significant correlations were observed between the severity of obstructive sleep apnea and age, body mass index and Apnea-Hypopnea Index, while pulmonary function variables presented a low negative correlation with obstructive sleep apnea severity. Conclusion: Greater severity of obstructive sleep apnea was more prevalent in males and the involvement of the pulmonary function was more pronounced in the groups with severe obstructive sleep apnea. Reductions in lung function were also found in this population, with negative linear correlations between ventilatory parameters and obstructive sleep apnea severity.
Objetivo: Avaliar o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), nível de atividade física, consumo alimentar e qualidade de vida em pacientes com apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). Métodos: Estudo descritivo quali-quantitativo com análise transversal a partir de aplicação de questionários estruturados, realizado em uma clínica privada de Petrolina, PE. A qualidade de vida foi avaliada pelo WHOQOL-bref, o consumo alimentar pelo formulário de marcadores do consumo alimentar que consta no Protocolo do SISVAN e o nível de atividade física pela versão curta do IPAQ. Resultados: Dos 16 pacientes incluídos, 6 não tinham AOS, 4 apresentaram AOS leve, 2 AOS moderada e 4 AOS grave. Sedentarismo foi prevalente em 20% dos pacientes com AOS leve, em 50% dos com AOS moderada e em 75% dos com AOS grave. Consumo alimentar saudável prevaleceu em todos os grupos, com maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis por pacientes com AOS grave. Foi identificado predomínio de qualidade de vida regular em todos os grupos, necessitando melhorar especialmente o domínio físico de todos eles. Tanto VO2máx quanto o limiar anaeróbico apresentaram valores reduzidos à medida que a gravidade da doença aumentava, sendo menores os valores nos pacientes com a forma mais grave da doença. Conclusão: Foi constatada relação inversa entre AOS mais grave com o VO2máx e os níveis de atividade física dos pacientes analisados. Há um maior consumo de alimentos não saudáveis com má alimentação e comportamento sedentário que constituem importantes fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento e agravamento da doença.
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