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This paper evaluates the extent to which transportation projects affect settlement patterns. We consider fixed link projects because they provide a large and swift change in accessibility. We use the synthetic control method and estimate the impacts on settlement patterns for 11 fixed links projects constructed in the period from 1989 to 2008. The synthetic controls are weighted averages of control municipalities with weights chosen to replicate population trends in the pre-fixed link periods. We find clear impacts on settlement patterns for fixed links connecting islands to urban areas and on islands utilizing natural resources, although there are exceptions. In the other cases, the impacts are negligible.

Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. Terms of use: Documents in AbstractWe present a framework for interpretation of the empirical results of New Keynesian models of in ‡ation dynamics. Both the rational expectations solution of the structural New Keynesian Phillips curve, NKPC, and the reduced form VAR analysis of the multivariate time series properties give insight about the joint implications of the evidence in the NKPC literature. For example, we show that the unit-root form of non-stationary may be implied for in ‡ation even though the econometric model initally assumed stationarity. The uniqueness and form of a rational expectations solution may depend on whether dynamic (in)homogeneity is present, and on the size of the forward-coe¢ cient in the NKPC.

This paper estimates the effect of transport network improvements on wage earnings using municipality‐level data from Norway. Transport improvements are modelled to impact labour productivity, and thereby wages, through effective employment density by using travel time changes in the Norwegian road network from 2005 to 2009. Identification is achieved by using panel data estimation and by isolating the effects on employment density from those caused by transport improvements. The estimation results indicate agglomeration elasticities in the range of 0.04–0.06. The result lies in the midrange of current estimates and supports the notion that agglomeration economies in a low‐density country such as Norway are not very different from those of more densely populated countries.

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