Indonesia's pepper growth rate tends to decrease compared to the growth rate of world pepper demand. This is due to the decline in production in Indonesia in recent years. This has an impact on the amount offered by Indonesia to meet the needs of the world. Indonesia's inability to compete with other countries makes Indonesia's position in taking on the growth of the world's hopes can be used by other countries. This situation can change Indonesia's position and competitiveness in trade on the international market. This study aims to analyze the level of competition between countries by using Revealed Comparative Auntungan (RCA and Dynamics Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA). The results of the study show that during the 2011-2013 period the highest increase in competitiveness between countries during the other period was an increase Significant exports to the countries of Brazil, India and Pakistan which increased on the value of RCA. Delaying in the 2011-2013 and 2014-2016 periods was related to increasing countries increasing exports such as Indonesia, Brazil and India. Position of Indonesia in 2016 Enlarging free markets greater than the results of world exports, Indonesia must increase the country's competitiveness.

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir lada terbesar di dunia. Namun pertumbuhan volume ekspor lada Indonesia memiliki pertumbuhan lebih rendah dari pertumbuhan produksinya. Rendahnya ekspor lada Indonesia disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional dan menjelaskan potensi perdagangan lada Indonesia di negara tujuan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan gravity model dan analisis potensi perdagangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aliran perdagangan ekspor lada Indonesia secara signifikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, GDP riil per kapita negara tujuan ekspor, jarak ekonomi Indonesia dengan negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap negara tujuan ekspor, dan nilai RCA Indonesia. Namun demikian tarif impor negara tujuan ekspor tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk terus meningkatkan perdagangan lada terhadap negara China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Belanda, Perancis, dan Jerman. Hal ini disebabkan perdagangan lada Indonesia dengan mitra dagang masih mengalami under trade. Sementara China merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi perdagangan paling tinggi.

Peanuts cultivation in Alfisols dryland limited by low levels of soil fertility. An agricultural intensification that could be done is application of organic and inorganic fertilizer. This research aimed to study the balance of N, P, and manure fertilizer dosage on growth and yield of peanuts in alfisols dryland. The research was done in April 2014 -September 2014 in Sukosari, Jumantono, Karanganyar. This research was compiled using a Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) factorial with three factors, there are dose of urea, SP-36 and cow manure fertilizer. The results showed that the dose combinations of urea, SP-36, and cow manure fertilizer have no interaction affected all of variable plant. The application of 300 kg ha -1 SP-36 fertilizer increased the number of pods and weight of pods, while the weight of 1000 seeds was improved by application of 150 kg ha -1 urea fertilizer.

The aims to determine steps to increase the labor force absorption of the Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) sector. This research using the structural equation model partial least square (SEM-PLS) method with cross-section secondary data within provinces (34 provinces) from the 2016 Economic Census (2017 census). The analysis results showed that the labor force absorption of MSEs in Indonesia was directly and positively affected by the number of MSEs and the income of MSEs. The number of MSEs in Indonesia was positively affected by the education level of MSEs owners. Meanwhile, the income of MSEs was positively affected by the use of the internet (digital technology) of MSEs. The education level of MSE owners was the only factor that had an indirect positive effect on the labor force absorption of MSEs. Increasing the labor force absorption of MSEs in Indonesia can be promoted by strengthening the entrepreneurship curriculum to foster an entrepreneurial spirit in students, especially at the higher education level, to grow the startup businesses. In addition, digital marketing partnerships with various  e-commerce platforms providing marketplaces and online courier service platforms to increase MSEs income are encouraged. Keywords: Entrepreneurship Education, Startup Business, MarketplaceJEL Classification: J23, M20, O17

Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen dan eksportir lada terbesar di dunia. Namun pertumbuhan volume ekspor lada Indonesia memiliki pertumbuhan lebih rendah dari pertumbuhan produksinya. Rendahnya ekspor lada Indonesia disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perdagangan lada Indonesia di pasar internasional dan menjelaskan potensi perdagangan lada Indonesia di negara tujuan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan gravity model dan analisis potensi perdagangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aliran perdagangan ekspor lada Indonesia secara signifikan sangat dipengaruhi oleh nilai GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, GDP riil per kapita negara tujuan ekspor, jarak ekonomi Indonesia dengan negara tujuan ekspor, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap negara tujuan ekspor, dan nilai RCA Indonesia. Namun demikian tarif impor negara tujuan ekspor tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan. Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk terus meningkatkan perdagangan lada terhadap negara China, Malaysia, Taiwan, Belanda, Perancis, dan Jerman. Hal ini disebabkan perdagangan lada Indonesia dengan mitra dagang masih mengalami under trade. Sementara China merupakan negara yang memiliki potensi perdagangan paling tinggi.