The frequent occurrence of floods caused by overflows of river water indicates a lack of supervision of water level activities, even though the impact of the flood is very detrimental to the community. Therefore we need a business that can monitor and control water capacity, one form of business that can be made is by designing a device that can monitor and control the water level using sensors and microcontrollers. The way this tool works is as a means of detecting water level distances using an SRF 05 sensor by sending a signal to the Arduino uno microcontroller to process the data and then output from the LCD in the form of letters and numbers, the LED indicator which indicates the water level is a warning sign for this system. This system has three levels of water activity levels, namely at level 1 marked with a green LED then at level 2 marked with a blue LED then at level 3 marked with a red LED, the LED connected to the buzzer will provide a warning sign in the form of a siren/alarm that the water has been at the highest level and the relay has come alive with a red color. The design of an automated monitoring and control system for water level using sensors and microcontrollers has been successfully carried out. The purpose of this research is to design a tool that can monitor the water level in real time and is also based on a microcontroller. The calibration results show that the SRF 05 sensor has an average water level measuring instrument accuracy of 99.67% and has an average relative error of 0.33%. The results of this study indicate that the design of the tool that has been made has worked well as a monitoring and control system for water level using the Arduino Uno microcontroller.
The studies on the Crop Water Productivity (CWP) of cocoa to increase productivity in the midst of water scarcity and climate change are currently underdeveloped. Thus, this study aims to find out the trends in climate, productivity, crop water use and CWP of cocoa plantations. The methods included collecting climate and productivity data during 2014-2019, simulating crop water use with Cropwat 8.0 software and analysing the changing trends of CWP in cocoa plantations, DI Yogyakarta. The results indicated the changes in productivity of cocoa plantation ranged from 0,41 – 0,53 tons / ha. The Crop Water Usage (CWU) decreased from 11.107 m3 in 2014 to 8.482 m3 in 2019 under rainfed schenario. Subsequently, the trend of CWP tended to increase from 0,037 kgm-3 in 2014 to 0,059 kgm-3 in 2019. CWP of cocoa plantation increased when CWU decreased and productivity increased. CWP value illustrated that every 1 m3 of water used have produced 0,037 – 0,059 kg of dried cocoa beans. In terms of water use efficiency, this relatively small CWP value indicates that the level of water use by cocoa plants in DI Yogyakarta is inefficient that requires improvement in the future such as increasing land productivity and precision irrigation schemes for cocoa plantations. Keywords: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.), crop water productivity, crop water use, D.I Yogyakarta
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