The livelihoods of farmers in developing countries are often associated with the existence of forests, especially agroforestry. The dynamics of agroforestry and livelihoods could not be separated from the political context and developments in Indonesia. In this paper, the dynamics of Sustainable Livelihood Assets (SLA) owned by smallholder farmers are explored using three political sequences, namely the New Order Era, the Reform Era, and the Post-Reform Era. The result showed that the development of agroforestry in Gunungkidul had been primarily influenced by political initiatives that have a connection with vegetation coverage, livelihood assets, and species composition in the systems. The livelihoods possessed by farmers have been relatively sustainable during the past five decades; only a slight change could be observed in the ownership of capital. The political initiatives have been an enabling environment for agroforestry development that support sustainable livelihoods. The study recommends that the socio-political culture needs to consider the traditional agroforestry system in order to sustain the livelihoods of the people.

Indonesia hosts a vast area of karst landscapes that expand from the island of Sumatra to Papua. Along with the implementation of the World Heritage List and Global Geopark Network, karst environment has become essential topics in Indonesia. By using SCOPUS and Google Scholar database, this paper examined trends of karst research in Indonesia. The result showed that karst related publications have shown to be increasing from 1994 to 2010, and grow more massively after 2010. Also, the publications can be classified into 1) conservation and biodiversity, 2) geophysical studies of karst, 3) environment and resource management, 4) forestry and agriculture, 5) archaeology and prehistoric life, 6) socio-cultural and education aspects. A wide gap occurred in research about conservation strategies at a more comprehensive and integrated scale, such as in a landscape, that takes a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach at achieving sustainability. In terms of environmental education, the use of karst as a natural laboratory remained limited in subjects. Yet, it had excellent potential to be developed as a model for a multidisciplinary and transdisciplinary approach to environmental studies, to achieve the goal of Education of Sustainable Development (ESD).

Bleberan Village has ecotourism potential in terms of insects biodiversity. Moreover, this village has some beautiful tourism objects, such as Sri Gethuk waterfall and Rancang Kencono cave. In the other hand, biodiversity in this village is yet to be explored, hence this research aims at studying insects biodiversity, especially of  three orders: Orthoptera, Lepidoptera and Odonata. The final objective of this reseach is to provide information for studying and conserving biodiversity in this ecotourism region. The observation was conducted in 10 stations in both Kedung Poh (1st location) and Oyo River (2nd location ). Several ecological parameters were calculated such as density, diversity index, and distribution. In addition, enviromental parameters were also measured, i.e temperature, humidity, and light intesity. This research found 17 species of each order, with the highest number of individuals was observed in the member of Orthoptera, especially withPhlaeoba fumosa; 381 individuals (1st location 1) and  445 individuals (2nd location). In the order of Lepidoptera, species Catopsilia pomonahad the highest number of individuals, there were 31 and 46  individuals in 1st location and 2nd location, respectively. The latter is Odonata, had Orthetrum sabinawhich dominated the number with 252 individuals in 1st location and 188 individuals in 2nd location. This research also revealed that diversity index was varied between 0.79 and 0.99, with all orders were distributed in a clumped pattern. All the environmental factors had been observed and did not show any abnormality, therefore insects couldbe alive normally.

Assisted-reproductive technology (ART) has developed rapidly, and has brought controversies in terms of legality and ethics. Todays, majority of people rely on bioethics to address the issue. Yet, bioethics in its development, mostly is in uenced by Western values such as autonomy, bene cence, nonmale cence, and justice. Some communities, like Islam, need to respond the issue using "Islamic bioethics". is paper explores how Muslims in Indonesia tackle the issue and set up "Islamic bioethical values" accordingly. Our literary research found that some individual interpretation and judgments (ijtihād) have been given both by Islamic organizations [Muhammadiyah, Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), and Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI)] and outstanding ulama. Fatwas issued by the majorities indicate that although the methods of inquiries are different, the result is the same, that is rejecting the presence of a third party in the form of sperm, ovum, or uterus.