According to the V.I. Vernadsky law, chemical elements are distributed unevenly in natural objects. Knowledge of the content of chemical elements in a particular area helps in solving various environmental problems. As a result of economic activity, there occurs anthropogenic transformation of the natural environment, including changes in the geochemical properties of landscapes. For an objective assessment of the anthropogenic impact when studying various territories, it is necessary to take into account the background content of macro- and microelements. Since there is a constant anthropogenic impact on the natural environment, the data on background content must be updated. The article presents the results of the content study conducted for some macro- and microelements (Sr, Pb, As, Zn, Ni, Co, Fe2O3, MnO, Cr, V, TiO2) in landscapes in the Perm region. To determine the content of these elements, the method of X-ray fluorescence analysis was applied. As a result, the geochemical specialization of the region and its natural areas (Northern Urals, Western Urals, Middle Taiga, South Taiga, Mixed Coniferous-broad-leaved Forests and Kungur forest-steppe) was determined, geochemical series were constructed, accumulating and dispersing elements were identified. The local background content of the studied elements was determined for each natural area and also the Perm region as a whole. The data obtained can be used to assess the anthropogenic impact on the natural environment.

The state of environmental protection of natural environment from negative processes has become an integral part of sustainable mining. The analytical review shows the ways of geoinformation system’s preparing a to ensure environmental safety during oil mining process on protected areas. Obtainment information for geoinformation database is based on technologies of aerial remote sensing, experimental modeling of biotic reactions to the impact of technogenic factors by biotesting methods. The geoinformation system should perform observations, assessments, search and regulatory forecasts, based on digital technologies, and develop individual measures for the preservation and restoration of the natural environment. Environmental stresses are usually caused by halogenesis, bitumization, air pollution and mechanogenesis. The use of geoinformation systems to collect information about the state of the natural environment is an essential feature of sustainable mining. Multispectral and panchromatic aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicle has been successfully used to assess pollution, land degradation, and the effectiveness of land restoration. It is important to develop an unmanned aerial sensing technique for areas, where oil fields and protected are located. Biotesting of the consequences of technogenic transformation of ecosystem components is significantly related to the choice of optimal test objects for conducting experiments. Soil contamination with oil and its processed products affects the condition of all components: plants, microorganisms. It is advisable to develop a methodology for determining the patterns and levels of impact of residual oil and technogenic brines on local natural objects, local soil and water ecosystems based on the results of biotesting. Development of regulations for standard measures for remediation of ecosystems at different levels of pollution, during bitumization, halogenesis of land and water objects. The review shows that there are technological possibilities for creating GIS for monitoring the quality of the natural environment and environmental safety in the areas of oil fields. Digital maps of soils, watersheds, natural and technical systems, the development of technogenic processes and measures to restore the natural environment, allow to provide spatial modeling of natural and technogenic processes. Environmental quality management during oil mining process remains an important goal of geoecological researches.

This paper deals with the contemporary state of soil cover around the Mid-Ural iron ore deposit, focusing on geochemical features. Sample plots were laid based on the technogenic impact in the study area. Soil samples were taken in the zone of the iron ore deposit, in the zones of overburden and gold mining waste dumps influence, and in the rock blasting site. A total of 64 sample plots were laid. Soil samples were sampled incrementally by an envelope method from a depth of 0.00–0.03 m. Soil texture, physicochemical features, and total heavy metal content (V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, and Pb) were defined for the soil samples. As a result, the evaluation of heavy metal soil pollution under the influence of iron ore deposit mining is given. Chemical contamination of soil was assessed by a cumulative chemical contamination index. Geochemical series of elements formed under the influence of iron ore deposit mining, as well as overburden and gold mining are given. Here, geochemical patterns of heavy metal distribution in the soil of iron ore deposit and under the gold mining influence are considered. The analysis of gold mining influence on the elementary composition of soil revealed the anomalous content of Mn and Ni.

No abstract

No abstract