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В статье рассматривается вопрос об альтернативных методах работы с детьми и молодежью в рамках реализации Федерального государственного образовательного стандарта второго поколения и ценностно-смысловой педагогики. Приводятся результаты анализасовременного состояния изученности и проработанности понятия «психотехника», дается развернутое определение данного термина с учетом его исторического развития. Рассматриваются варианты классификаций в зависимости от выделения ведущего ключевого критерия: психотехники, принадлежащие к какому-либо научно-практическому направлению (бихевиоризм, психоанализ, гештальт- и гуманистический подходы); психотехники классического, развивающего и нетрадиционного обучения; психотехники, сгруппированные по принципу кодирования информации, к которым относятся вербальные, аудиовизуальные, машинообучающие, мульти- медийные, гипертекстовые, голографические и другие; психотехники, сформированные по принципу количественного охвата (индивидуальные, групповые и массовые) и, наиболее интересная для нас модель эманации, – по принципу смыслообразности. Предлагаемая модель классификации позволяет обосновать уникаль- ность особой группы психотехник – смыслотехник, которые лежат в основе технологии смыслового обучения. Аргументируется актуальность их совершенствования и применения в практике образовательного процесса на разных этапах обучения. Также дается подробное описание видов смыслотехник, раскрывается их сущность и возможности педагогического внедрения в обучение и воспитание детей и молодежи. Приводятся обобщенные данные, посвященные отдельным исследованиям влияния смыслотехник на формирование мотивации, в ситуациях ценностно-смыслового выбора, в проблемных и проектных заданиях. Для составления полной информационно-аналитической картины о современных особенностях использования смыслотехник в психотерапии, рекламе, политике, социологии и других сферах антропологического знания авторы делают их краткий обзор, подчеркивая важность разработки смыслотехнического подхода, его перспективность и экологичность среди других психотехник.

Background: Various methods of breast cancer treatment are potentially cardiotoxic: anthracycline chemotherapy, HER2-targeted therapy, and radiation therapy to the left side of the chest. In clinical practice, cardiologists deal with a wide range of complications caused by the mentioned methods.Objective: To analyze the reasons for and timing of seeking healthcare in cardiac clinics by women with a history of successfully treated breast cancer.Methods: Our single-center retrospective observational study included 125 women (mean age at the time of seeking healthcare was 68.1 ± 8.6 years).Results: Patients with a history of radiation therapy had higher peak velocity (P = .015) and peak gradient (P = .017) across the aortic valve. As part of their examination and treatment 71 patients underwent coronary angiography. Of them, 21 patients (29.6%) had coronary artery stenting, and 23 patients (32.4%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting. Forty-two patients (33.6%) underwent heart valve replacement: aortic valve replacement in 92.9% of the cases (n = 39) and mitral valve replacement in 7.1% of the cases (n = 3). We found a strong negative correlation between the age at the time of radiation therapy and the time to onset of valvular heart disease (r = −0.748; P = .000004) and an average negative correlation between the age and the time to surgical treatment (r = −0.695; P = .00003).Conclusion: We studied the main reasons for seeking healthcare in cardiac clinics by women with a history of breast cancer, analyzed cardiac operations in terms of antitumor therapy types, and found a strong correlation between the age at the time of antitumor therapy and the time to onset of valvular heart disease, as well as the time to cardiac surgery. Received 20 November 2022. Revised 21 May 2023. Accepted 31 May 2023. Funding: The study was supported by Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Russian Federation (No. 075-15-2022-301). Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. Contribution of the authors: The authors contributed equally to this article.

Introduction. The issue of the quality of life of children with life-threatening illnesses is directly related to the emotional trauma experienced by the entire family. In order to overcome the difficulties encountered and to help, a well-coordinated teamwork of specialists: doctors, psychologists, rehabilitation therapists, teachers, social workers, and an understanding of the current picture of the state of the intrafamily situation and the child are needed. The purpose of the study: to identify current needs of psychological and pedagogical support of families with children who have had cancer and hematological diseases in order to understand what corrective, developmental, adaptive measures are necessary to build an effective, harmonious psychological, social and pedagogical support in the post-hospital period. Materials and methods. For gathering of the information we used: the author's questionnaire of definition of the current rehabilitation situation, the technique "Parent's composition" by A.A. Shvedovskaya; family sociogram by E.G. Eidemiller, V.V. Justitzkis. We interviewed 110 respondents, 55 of them were parents and 55 children at the age of 6-14 years old, with a history of oncohematological diagnosis, being in remission at the moment of the study. Results. Specific fears and limitations of parents regarding health, learning and communication issues of their children were identified. Most families (75%) understand that successful rehabilitation requires a comprehensive approach. Problems with attention, assiduity and memorization of children (42%) were identified among difficulties. Second place in prevalence – problems in building contacts with children and new adults 34% (shyness, inability to maintain a dialogue, etc.). In third place was low interest in learning (28%). Actual themes for psychological support were the construction of personal boundaries of the relationship with the siblings, the resolution of school difficulties, the development of independence, the improvement of communication skills, and emotional intelligence. No symptoms of hospitalism and destructive relations were revealed. Conclusions. The data obtained can be used by psychologists, social workers, and health care specialists to provide comprehensive support and assistance to children who have suffered from oncohematological diseases and their families during the rehabilitation period.

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