ABSTRACT. The chromosome characteristics of Filifolium sibilicum (2n=18) were studied regarding the karyotype by acetoorcein, locations of the G-C and A-T rich regions by CMA and DAPI, and FISH. The karyotypes of six representative individuals in three localities such as two sites in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, The People's Republic of China and one site in Buryat Republic in Russian Federation consisted commonly of 12 median-centromeric, four satellited median-centromeric and four submedian-centromeric chromosomes. CMA-stained the whole chromosomes, but four brighter bands were on terminal positions of four chromosomes and were convenient with the four sat chromosomes. DAPI-stained the whole metaphase chromosomes. Applying FISH using the biotin labeled probe of 5S rDNA and digoxigenin labeled pTa71 probe of 45S rDNA on the mitotic chromosomes showed four yellow colored signals of the 5S rDNA and four red signals that were terminally co-localized, which were obtained after hybridization of the probes with two submedian and two subterminal metaphase chromosomes.

Variabilities in karyotype and molecular ISSR inGonospermum fruticosum (C. Smith ex Link) Less., Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Willd.) Humphries and two strains of A. foeniculaceum (Willd.) Webb ex Schultz-Bip. (Asteraceae the tribe Anthemideae) collected in the Canary Islands ABSTRACT. Gonospermum fruticosum (C. Smith ex Link) Less, Argyranthemum coronopifolium (Willd.) Humphries and two strains of A. foeniculaceum (Willd.) Webb ex Schultz-Bipl all placed in the family Asteraceae, the tribe Anthemideae, were collected in Tenerife, the Canary Islands, Spanish Territory, Africa. They were analyzed in order to clarify their relationships and variabilities by karyotypes and molecular ISSR (inter simple sequence repeat). Gonospermum fruticosum and Argyranthemum coronopifolium studied showed the common karyotype different from that of two strains of A. foeniculaceum. Among the 54 ISSR bands obtained in the four species studied 46 were polymorphic, and 22 were species-specific. Gonospermum and Argyranthemum showed quite different band patterns from each other. Two strains of A. foeniculaceum showed different, large polymorphic patterns. Thus, the ISSR must be useful tool to isolate and evaluate intergeneric, interspecific, down to intraspecific genic differences, furthermore, introgressive hybridization within the members of the tribe Anthemideae, the Asteraceae.

ABSTRACT. Chromosomes of the Chrysanthemum fruticulosum complex were studied in the materials collected in Qinghai, Gansu, Shaanxi, Sichuan Provinces and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China (China), Hovd Province, Mongolia and Tuvinskaya, Russian Federation were studied: The plants in the central part of China studied had tetraploids (2n=36), while those in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, Mongolia and Russia studied had hexaploids (2n=54). These chromosome numbers of the diploid C. nematolobum, 2n=18, the tetraploid C. fruticulosum 2n=36, and the hexaploid C. fruticulosum, 2n=54 and the diploid Artemisia obtusiloba 2n=18, were reported here for the fi rst time. The plants of C. nematolobum Hand.-Maazz. studied morphologically quite resembled to C. fruticulosum (Ledeb.) Ohashi et Yonekura grown in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China showed all diploid (2n=18). In contrast, C. nematolobum var. longilobum Ling with extremely long and narrow leaf lobe was sometimes occurred in the C. fruticulosum populations in Gansu Province, China. Chrysanthemum nematolobum is speculated to be the most primitive origin of C. fruticulosum and developed to the tetraploid C. fruticulosum in the area of Qinghai and Gansu Provinces, China and would be expanded their distribution to Shaanxi Province, China and to Republic of Kazakhstan. The hexaploid population of C. fruticulosum might meet Artemisia obtusiloba around Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China reached up to north to Hovd Province, Mongolia to developed to the hexaploid to reach to Tuvinskaya, Russia. The hexaploid C. fruticulosa was sympatric with Artemisia obtusiloba in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, the People's Republic of China, and expanded the population up to Hovd, Mongolia and Tuvinskaya, Russia. They might have highly gene fl ow by introgressive hybridization because their vegetative organs and fl owers were quite similar to each other. The karyotypes of Chrysanthemum nematolobum was 2n=18 (diploid)=12m (or sm)+1m (or sm) sat +1sm sat +4st, while that of the tetraploid C. fruticulosum 2n=36=3m (or sm) sat +25m (or sm)+8st and that of hexaploid C. fruticulosum was 2n=54=36m (or sm)+16sm (or m or st)+2st (or sm). The karyotype of Artemisia obtusiloba was 2n=18=14m (or sm)+4st sat .

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Chromosomes at prophase and metaphase in fi ve individual plants of Spiranthes amoena (M. Bieb.) Spreng collected in a little wet area in Buryat Republic: near Solzan River, 8 km up along the left side of the River from the bridge of the Irkutsk were studied. The chromosome numbers of the plants studied were commonly counted as 2n=60, doubled number of chromosomes of S. sinensis. The karyotype at prophase was 2n=60=40h+16he+4e followed Tanaka's system (1969) suggested that those plants should be treated simply the autotetraploid form of S. sinensis. Thus, plants of S. amoena grown in Buryat Republic could be called as S. sinensis var. amoena (M. Bieb.) Hara.