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Aging period, also known to be the periods of "wisdom" and "second childhood" is a very important era of life in which major physiologic, psychologic, sociologic changes occur. To survive a healthy life in older ages, one should start to internalize preventive behaviors in the very early stages of life. As there is an increasing trend in aged population in number both in the world and in Turkey, the need for system-based changes about aging in all societies seem to be a high priority. It is known that older people are heterogeneous groups. Consequently, health and disease related needs are expected to differentiate in older ages. Due to all these reasons, plans and programs for older ages are recommended to be done focusing to the prior needs of the individuals and societies. In this paper, changes and the health/disease profiles when one ages have been studied. During this work, definition of aging, conceptual changes starting from the past, priorities about health and disease concern(s) and recommendations about healthy aging have been investigated. Preventive methods and health promotion strategies are recommended to be widened to lessen the burden of diseases as well as to improve quality of life in older ages.

ÖZAmaç: Bu çalışma, bir üniversite çocuk hastanesinin sağlam çocuk polikliniğine başvu-ran anne ve babaların çocukların olduğu ortamlarda sigara içmekten neden kaçınmadık-larını araştırmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Yöntemler: Tanımlayıcı özellikte olan bu araştırmanın verileri 11 Kasım 2013 ve 30 Mart 2014 tarihleri arasında toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya polikliniğe başvuran beş yaş altı çocukların anne ya da babaları arasında çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 115 kişi katıl-mıştır. Bulgular: Araştırmaya katılan 115 ebeveynin %53,9'unu babalar ve %46,1'ini anneler oluşturmaktadır. Katılımcıların %49,6'sı yaşam boyu en az 100 sigara içtiğini ve %37,4'ü de hâlen sigara içtiğini belirtmiştir. Katılımcıların %75,7'sinin evinde hiç kimse sigara içmemektedir. Evlerin %32,1'inde balkonlarda sigara içmek engellenmemektedir. Ebeveynlerin çocukların yanında sigara içilmesinin nedenleri olarak düşündükleri en sık iki neden bilinçsizlik/bilgi eksikliği (%34,7) ve bağımlılık/alışkanlık (%24,6) olmuştur. Sonuç: Evlerde çocukların sigara dumanından pasif etkilenim riskinin en önemli kayna-ğı ebeveynin sigara içmesidir. Sağlıksız olan bu davranışın önlenmesi çocukların sağlığı açısından yaşamsaldır. Anne ve babaların çocuklarının yakınında sigara içme davranı-şından kaçınmalarının dinamiklerini ortaya koyan kesitsel ve niteliksel tipte çalışmalara gereksinim bulunmaktadır.Anahtar kelimeler: Sigara dumanından pasif etkilenim, ebeveyn, korunma, kaçınma ABSTRACT Introduction: In this study, we aimed to determine why parents who applied to the "wellbaby clinic" of a university hospital in Ankara do not abstain from smoking around their children. Methods: Data of this descriptive study was collected between November 11, 2013 and March 30, 2014. One hundred and fifteen volunteer participants who are either mothers or fathers of the children under five years of age participated in the study. Results: Among a total of 115 parents participated in the study 53.6 % of the participants were fathers and 46.1% of them were mothers. Nearly half (49.6 %) of the participants stated that they had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime and 37.4% of them were current smokers. Nobody had smoked in 75.7% of the participants' houses. Smoking was not prohibited in the balconies in 32.1% of the houses. The most frequent two reasons why the participants do not abstain from smoking around their children were lack of information (34.7%) and addiction (24.6%). Conclusion:The major passive smoking source at home is the parents' smoking behavior. Prevention of this unhealthy behavior is crucial for children's health. Long-term studies in cross-sectional and qualitative designs clarifying the dynamics which determine parents' abstaining behavior from smoking around their kids are needed.

Background:The refugee problem has become a global concern with multidimensional characteristics. Monitoring migration flows over time and comparing the situation with a number of indicators can give clues on how to manage the problem. Aims: In this study, the global refugee issue was discussed by focusing on such data including the potential factors causing crises in the most affected countries. Methods: In this ecological study, the analysis was completed for the countries that either "host" or "source" refugees between 2005 and 2015. Excel-dataset was formed for United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), World Bank and United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) datasets and were converted to SPSS-23.0. Mapping was done via pixelmap. Results: In 2005, Pakistan, Islamic Republic of Iran, and the United States of America were the first three on the hosting country list, while Germany ranked 8th and China 9th. In 2015, Turkey ranked first as hosting country while previously it was not even in the top 10 countries. Geographical proximity plays a crucial role during displacement. Countries differ from each other according to the values of selected indices. Conclusions: Global solutions integrated with local precautions to reduce the worldwide burden of migration are required.