Post-stroke seizure and post-stroke epilepsy are common causes of hospital admissions, either as a presenting feature or as a complication after a stroke. They require appropriate management and support in long term. With an increasingly ageing population, and age itself being an independent risk factor for stroke, the incidence and prevalence of post-stroke seizure and post-stroke epilepsy is likely to increase. This article examines aetiology, clinical presentation, and presents a management outline of these conditions with particular focus on adults. The aim of this review article is to provide the clinicians with background information and recommendations.

Although a number of case reports have suggested that some people with autistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) commit criminal offences, and that core cognitive characteristics may be associated with this vulnerability, the possibility has not been investigated. The exploratory study described in this paper examined whether the cognitive impairments of people with ASDs are associated with their vulnerability to offending. Groups of 21 adults with ASDs and a history of offending, 23 adults with ASDs and no history of offending, and a general population group of 23 people without ASDs were compared on established measures of those aspects of cognition known to be impaired in both people with ASDs and offenders: theory of mind, executive function, and emotion recognition. Compared with their non-offending peers, the ASD offenders showed a significantly greater impairment in recognition of emotional expressions of fear, but no difference in theory of mind, executive function, and recognition of facial expressions of sadness. It is proposed that a small group of people with ASDs may be co-morbid for autism and developmental disorders of antisocial behaviour, and that this might be related to their vulnerability to criminal offending.

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Accepting the limitations of a before-and-after study and small sample size, the findings suggest that a PLEC may improve adherence. A definitive trial is necessary to confirm the effect of a PLEC and establish the longevity and cost-effectiveness of the outcomes. Attrition of potential participants not contactable by telephone suggests the need for additional postal contact in subsequent trials. A reduction in loss to follow-up is also desirable and potentially achievable using telephone reminders.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has caused >3.5 million deaths worldwide and affected >160 million people. At least twice as many have been infected but remained asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. COVID-19 includes central nervous system manifestations mediated by inflammation and cerebrovascular, anoxic, and/or viral neurotoxicity mechanisms. More than one third of patients with COVID-19 develop neurologic problems during the acute phase of the illness, including loss of sense of smell or taste, seizures, and stroke. Damage or functional changes to the brain may result in chronic sequelae. The risk of incident cognitive and neuropsychiatric complications appears independent from the severity of the original pulmonary illness. It behooves the scientific and medical community to attempt to understand the molecular and/or systemic factors linking COVID-19 to neurologic illness, both short and long term. Methods: This article describes what is known so far in terms of links among COVID-19, the brain, neurological symptoms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related dementias. We focus on risk factors and possible molecular, inflammatory, and viral mechanisms underlying neurological injury. We also provide a comprehensive description of the Alzheimer's Association Consortium on Chronic Neuropsychiatric Sequelae 4 of 24 DE ERAUSQUIN ET AL.of SARS-CoV-2 infection (CNS SC2) harmonized methodology to address these questions using a worldwide network of researchers and institutions.Results: Successful harmonization of designs and methods was achieved through a consensus process initially fragmented by specific interest groups (epidemiology, clinical assessments, cognitive evaluation, biomarkers, and neuroimaging). Conclusions from subcommittees were presented to the whole group and discussed extensively.Presently data collection is ongoing at 19 sites in 12 countries representing Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe.Discussion: The Alzheimer's Association Global Consortium harmonized methodology is proposed as a model to study long-term neurocognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection.