had magnitude of 9.0 on the Richter Scale with the epicenter approximately 70 km east of the Oshika Peninsula in Miyagi Prefecture. This earthquake triggered terrible tsunami waves which hit the coast of Japan and propagated around the Pacific Ocean. The earthquake and tsunami caused extensive and severe infrastructural damage, such as damages of coastal protection structures and buildings, and significantly changed coastal and river morphology. This paper presents tsunami-induced coastal and estuarine morphology changes in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan, and subsequent recovery process in each study area. On sandy coasts, discontinuous coastal protection is likely to be severely damaged, resulting in serious erosion in the surrounding sandy coast. Furthermore, severe breaching was observed on sandy coasts where formerly river mouth was located, due to strong return flow from the catchment area. The restoration process of the coast and estuaries is highly dependent on sediment supply availability in the surrounding area. Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. H. Tanaka et al. 1250010-2 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. Coastal and Estuarine Morphology Changes 1250010-3 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-5 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-6 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. Coastal and Estuarine Morphology Changes 1250010-16 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-19 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. 1250010-23 Coast. Eng. J. 2012.54. Downloaded from www.worldscientific.com by NANYANG TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY on 08/23/15. For personal use only. H. Tanaka et al.

The shoreline analysis around the Nanakita River mouth has been performed by utilizing aerial photographs to reveal the different behavior between left and right side of the river mouth. The shoreline on left side of river mouth has been moving more dynamically than the right side. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method is also applied on the shoreline data to reveal the behavior of shoreline change. The first mode of variability reflects the cross-shore movement which is shown by uniform advance and retreat movement along the beach. The shoreline change around the Nanakita River mouth is dominated by the cross-shore movement which is shown by around 80% contribution of first mode. The second mode of variability depicts the longshore sediment movement which is shown by different shoreline movement between left and right side of river mouth. The longshore movement only contributes around 10% to the shoreline change around the Nanakita River mouth. The second mode also reveals the influence of river mouth to the longshore sediment transport characterized by different shoreline response between left and right side.

The past earthquake records in North Lombok show the high level of earthquake hazard in this area. The maximum magnitude of the earthquake was 6.4 Mw on May 30th, 1979. But, there were no tsunami events records due to those earthquakes. Nevertheless, this area is very close to Mataram City (province capital city) and tourism area. Therefore, the assessment of tsunami hazard is very important. The tsunami simulation was conducted by using COMCOT Model, which is based on the North Lombok Earthquake as the initial condition. The simulation result shows the prediction of tsunami travel time is about 18 ~ 20 minutes from the source location to Mataram City. The height of the tsunami wave is 0.13 ~ 0.20 meters due to the earthquake magnitude is about 6 Mw.

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West Nusa Tenggara was ever hit by an earthquake and tsunami on August 19th, 1977. This earthquake and tsunami made an impact on the area of Kuta Village Central Lombok, which is under the Mandalika Tourism Area (MTA) development now. This research conducted the assessment of the MTA development impact on the Kuta Village based on the tsunami hazard analysis point of view. This research applies the bathymetric data, the before development topography, and the after development topography to make the simulation of tsunami waves run-up. The analysis of tsunami waves run-up used four-wave height scenarios, i.e. 3.5 meters of before development and 3.5 meters, 5 meters, 7 meters of after development. The result of the tsunami simulation showed differences. The tsunami inundation area in the MTA decreased by 855,617.12 m2. But, the tsunami inundation area in the Kuta Village was increased by 3,278 m2.