This article examines the causes of air pollution while paying particular attention to the effects of fossil fuel use in electricity generation. Dietz and Roza's (1994) STIRPAT model, which is a reformulated version of the IPAT model, was used. The data includes the 20 countries with the highest CO2 emission levels and covers the years 1991 to 2015. According to the empirical results of this article, increases in population and GDP per capita are followed by a proportional increase in CO2 emissions. Moreover, the results show that the share of coal in electricity generation has a negative impact on CO2 emissions in selected countries. On the other hand, the results show that the share of gas in electricity generation does not have a significant impact on CO2 emissions in selected countries and selected period.

Purpose- The effect of economic growth on exports in Turkey and the direction of the relationship have been determined. The data were obtained from the World Bank data system and TUIK (Turkish Official Statistics Institute, 2021 data were obtained from here) and annual data for the period 1961-2021 were used. Analyzed with Auto Regressive Distrubuted Lag Models (ARDL) bounds test approach and Toda&Yamamoto Causality Test. Methodology- The data set was created using annual data and analyzed in this way. Then Vector Autoregressive Model-VAR was created. Then, Toma&Yamamoto causality test and ARDL were applied. In addition, Breusch-Godfrey Autocorrelation LM Test, Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey Heteroskedasticity Test, unit root test, normality test and CUSUM tests were applied to verify the accuracy of the output. Findings- It is concluded that there is a long-term relationship between the ARDL Bounds test approach and the variables where economic growth affects exports negatively in the long run, and a 1% increase in economic growth causes a decrease of 1.18 million dollars in exports in Turkey. The error correction term, which is calculated export in the long run, shows that the imbalances that may occur in the short run are corrected in the long run. According to the results of Toda-Yamamoto causality analysis, a causal relationship was found from Growth to Export. Conclusion- The aim of this article is to find the causal relationship between Growth and Export in Turkey in the widest possible range and with the most up-to-date data and to reveal the extent of the causal relationship between them. As a result, although there is a causal relationship from Growth to Exports, this relationship is negative in the long run. This result has not been included in the Turkish literature before. Keywords: Economic growth, exports, VAR, Toda&Yamamoto, causality, ARDL JEL Codes: B41, F14, F43

This study examines the causal relationship between renewable energy consumption and life expectancy in Turkiye using the Toda-Yamamoto causality test. By analyzing data from 1990 to 2019, the study explores the relationship between these variables. The results of the Toda-Yamamoto causality test indicate that there is no Granger causality relationship from renewable energy consumption to life expectancy, indicating that renewable energy consumption does not have a significant impact on life expectancy in Turkiye. However, the study found a Granger causality relationship from life expectancy to renewable energy consumption, suggesting that improving life expectancy could lead to an increase in renewable energy consumption in Turkiye. This study is significant as it provides insights into the relationship between renewable energy consumption and life expectancy in Turkiye. The results highlight the importance of considering factors other than renewable energy consumption when examining public health outcomes. The study's findings can inform policymakers in developing energy policies that prioritize public health outcomes and promote sustainable energy practices.

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate the role of corruption and income inequality in three-dimensional sustainable development in the post-Soviet countries.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology is based on dynamic panel regression with the fixed effects approach.FindingsThe authors' findings depict that increasing corruption and income inequality undermine sustainable development. Specifically, increasing corruption and income inequality negatively affect sustainable development. Moreover, unemployment and trade liberalization negatively impact sustainable development, whereas foreign direct investments (FDIs) positively affect sustainable development.Practical implicationsPolicy implications enclose galvanizing strong institutions and redistributive policy mechanisms that the bottom income groups enjoy in promoting sustainable development to keep away the distressful phase of corruption and income inequality.Originality/valueThis is the first paper on corruption, income inequality and sustainable development in the post-Soviet countries employing a sustainable development index (SDI), which is calculated by considering three factors including economic, social and environmental development.Peer reviewThe peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/IJSE-01-2023-0065

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