Although it has been established that unemployment and underemployment increase distress and depression, the psychological mechanisms involved are not very clear. This study examines the roles of social support and coping strategies as mediators of the association between employment status and mental health, as well as gender and age differences as moderators. Residents from the epidemiological catchment area of south-west Montreal responded to a randomized household survey for adults in 2009. A follow-up was conducted based on participants' employment status 2 and 4 years later. ANOVAs tests were computed with SPSS to evaluate group differences, and structural equation modeling was performed with AMOS to test mediation effects. At baseline, among participants between 18 and 64 years old (n = 2325), 14.3 % were unemployed/not studying, 14.4 % worked part-time, and 56.5 % worked full-time. Employment status was found to significantly affect depression among those under 45 years old (chi-square = 23.4, p < 0.001). Results showed a negative association of full-time employment with depression, which was fully mediated by social support, less coping with drugs/medication, and less distress. A negative association with full-time employment was also noted with distress, which was partially mediated by increased social support, coping with alcohol, and less coping with drugs/medication. The total indirect effect suggests that full-time employees generally have more resources and do not tend to use avoidance strategies like coping with drugs/medication, resulting in less distress (β = -0.05; p < 0.01) and depression (β = -0.028; p < 0.01). Results suggest that optimal impact on mental health could be attained when increasing employment, namely full-time employment, in communities.
Les conventions locales peuvent être définies comme des accords légitimes négociés entre plusieurs parties prenantes (stakeholders) dans une perspective de régulation des ressources naturelles – en termes de contrôle, d’accès, d’appropriation, d’usage et d’exploitation – et de l’environnement. Au Sahel, bien qu’elles soient en vogue et jouissent davantage d’attention chez les décideurs, elles constituent des instruments encore peu exploités dans le contexte actuel de la décentralisation (Diallo, 2003). Il en est ainsi des plans d’occupation et d’affectation des sols (POAS) expérimentés dans les collectivités paysannes de la vallée du fleuve Sénégal. L’objet de cet article est d’interroger, à partir d’une enquête menée dans une commune rurale auprès d’élus, d’agents techniques, de responsables associatifs et d’usagers, la portée de ce système non formel, quoique formalisé, de gestion foncière concertée. Le POAS, certes, a contribué à renforcer les capacités des élus locaux à agir dans leur espace décentralisée, et des paysans usagers à délibérer collectivement sur un enjeu aussi crucial que le foncier agropastoral. Il n’a pas fait l’objet cependant d’une appropriation effective de la part de ces élus chargés de sa mise en application, et de ces usagers censés en respecter les règles opérationnelles convenues. Entre autonomisation (empowerment) et problème d’appropriation, les conventions locales demeurent, quoi qu’il en soit, des outils nécessaires à une gestion partagée des ressources communes, et donc à une gouvernance locale renforcée.
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