No abstract

This study was conducted to compare the serum level of Cortisol and Interleukin-6 (Stress Response) on eighteen clinically healthy mongrel male dogs of different ages (1-2 years old) with body weight ranged between 17-25 kg. Dogs were classified into two main groups open cholecystectomy and laparoscopic one. Anesthesia and postoperative management were identical in both groups. Serum level of cortisol was evaluated as a marker to assess surgical trauma and pain where it was measured before the operation (time 0) to obtain base line value and at 4 hours postoperatively. In addition, serum level of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) was evaluated also before the operation and at 4 and 24 hours after the surgery as a marker for the degree of systemic reaction to wide range of trauma. There was a significant (P < 0.05) lower concentration of serum cortisol in the laparoscopic group at four hours postoperatively than in the open surgery group. Serum levels of IL-6 during laparoscopic cholecystectomy were found to be significantly (P < 0.05) lower than that during open cholecystectomy at 4 and 24 hrs postoperatively. The current study concluded that the laparoscopic cholecystectomy with small skin incisions with the avoidance of open laparotomy and excessive manipulation of tissues can minimize surgical stress and provide more favorable postoperative conditions for dogs. This indicated that laparoscopic cholecystectomy is more recommendable than traditional open cholecystectomy.

Fifteen full term rabbit foeti representing control and four treated groups (three from each group) were inspected by X-rays device at dorsoventral, ventrodorsal and bilateral views to assess the normal developmental process of the skeleton (control group) and skeletal malformations after excess dosage of vitamin A (treated groups). There were ossification centers represented by two radiolucent lines extending along the vertebral column as well as two radiolucent spots representing the ossification centers in the pelvis in all groups. The secondary ossification centers of the extremities were radiographically investigated in the proximal and distal extremities of humerus, femur and proximal extremity of tibia. Incomplete fusion, leaving an epiphyseal line, was found in the proximal and distal epiphyses of long bones. The results of our study provide a schematic atlas of normal examinations of the rabbit skeleton and its ossification centers. Such findings are useful in the interpretation of any cross-sectional pictures in this species and elucidate the impact of hypervitaminosis A on skeletal development.