Without irradiation, skin overlying implants is associated with better sensation recovery than DIEP flap skin. However, with irradiation, DIEP flap skin had better sensation recovery than did skin over implants. Neurotization trended toward improvement in sensation in DIEP flaps.
Recognition of these characteristics of VCA chronic rejection is important for diagnosis in clinical hand and face transplantation. Studies directed towards minimizing VCA chronic rejection responses may be required to improve long-term outcomes.
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