Introduction. Vision plays a key role in the development of newborns and children. Early and severe visual impairment can affect motor skills, cognition, communication and social abilities. One of the main diagnostic indicators of the development of the eye in children is the central visual acuity.Purpose: To suggest an improvement of the visual acuity assessment system in children aged 2 to 5 years by introducing a fundamentally new eye chart intended to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements.Materials and methods. The study included 40 children (80 eyes) aged 2 to 5 years, without previously diagnosed ocular pathology. Visual acuity test was performed using standard Orlova eye chart and a fundamentally new Just Evident Images / Jonnazarov Eldor Ihtiyorovich eye chart (abbreviated as JEI/JEI). The results obtained were later compared. The JEI/JEI chart consists of 13 color and black optotypes of various sizes, equal in width and height, that represent objects that are well-known and easily recognizable by children even at an early age: “Sun”, “Flower”, “Christmas Tree”, “House”, “Chicken”, “Child”, “Star”, “Horse”, “Bear”, “Car”, “Kitten”, “Ball”, “Hare”.Results. The results of vision acuity tests in 29 (72.5%) and 31 (77.5%) matched, and the effectiveness of both methods was evaluated as identical. In 11 cases (27.5%) of assessing VA in the right eye and 9 cases (22.5%) in the left eye, the results obtained differed, yet correlated directly: the difference between VA values obtained using JEI/JEI and Orlova eye charts amounted to 0.1–0.2.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate the prospects of using the JEI/JEI eye chart in clinical practice for vision acuity tests in young children. The suggested method simplifies the perception of the objects and increases the accuracy of assessing visual acuity in children due to the selection and geometry of optotypes.